OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and profound hypothermic circulatory arrest on plasma cefazolin levels administered for antimicrobial prophylaxis in cardiovascular surgery. METHODS Four groups (10 patients per group) were prospectively studied: vascular surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (group A), cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass time of ...

Perioperative cardiac morbidity is the leading cause of death following the administration of general anesthesia. With the aging of the population, the number of patients at significant cardiac risk for noncardiac surgical procedures is expected approximately to double over the next 30 years. Assessing cardiac risk will assume increasing importance in surgical decisions. Historical predictors, ...

Intraoperative redosing of prophylactic antibiotics is recommended for prolonged surgical procedures, although its efficacy has not been assessed. We retrospectively compared the risk of surgical site infections in 1,548 patients who underwent cardiac surgery lasting >240 min after preoperative administration of cefazolin prophylaxis. The overall risk of surgical site infection was similar amon...

Background Frailty assessment may inform surgical risk and prognosis not captured by conventional surgical risk scores. Purpose To evaluate the evidence for various frailty instruments used to predict mortality, functional status, or major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in older adults undergoing cardiac surgical procedures. Data Sources MEDLINE and EMBASE (witho...

INTRODUCTION Due to the increase in average life expectancy and the higher incidence of cardiovascular disease with advancing age, more elderly patients present for cardiac surgery nowadays. Advances in pre- and postoperative care mean that more elderly patients can be operated on safely and with a satisfactory outcome. Currently, coronary artery bypass surgery, aortic and mitral valve surgery ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to make an evaluation on the clinical features of patients with Kawasaki disease who require a cardiac surgical procedure including coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary arterial aneurysmorrhaphy or heart transplantation. METHODS English literature of Kawasaki disease for cardiac surgery (1990-2011) was retrieved in the Pubmed database. The clinical f...

After the introduction of endocardial radiofrequency catheter, only two arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and ischemic ventricular tachycardia require surgical procedures. In this review, we describe recent advancements and problems of surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation. On the basis of multiple-circuit re-entry theory, Cox developed the maze operation with the aim of interrupting the re...

Recognition of the significant advantages of minimizing surgical trauma has resulted in the development of minimally invasive surgical procedures. Endoscopic surgery offers patients the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, and surgical robots have enhanced the ability and precision of surgeons. Consequently, technological advances have facilitated totally endoscopic robotic cardiac surgery, ...

Although cardiac involvement is an infrequent presentation in human hydatidosis, early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention of cardiac hydatid cyst are of utmost importance for the prevention of potential complications. We report a young female patient who presented with a huge cardiac hydatid cyst and severe heart failure symptoms undergoing successful surgical cyst removal with late fol...

This study included U.S. Medicare patients who underwent major cardiac, vascular, gastro-intestinal and orthopedic surgical procedures in 2011. Using the CMS Inpatient Standard Analytical Files with 100% of claims for Medicare fee-forservice beneficiaries, patients were identified based on principal ICD-9-CM procedure code on the claim. Overall, 63 procedures codes in four categories (cardiac, ...