High intensity physical exercise has previously been found to lead to a decline in cognitive performance of adults. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maximal intensity exercise on cognitive performance of children. Using a repeated-measures design, 20 children and adolescents aged 8-17 years completed a battery of tests measuring memory and attention. Forward and Backward Di...

Low-carbohydrate diets, including the modified Atkins diet (mAD), are commonly used to promote weight loss, improve exercise performance, and treat refractory epilepsy inherited metabolism disorders. However, effects of high-fat-low-carbohydrate on physiology healthy subjects still need further study. We evaluated physiological influence mAD cardiopulmonary results in adult subjects. Ten volunt...

BACKGROUND Exercise training is known to improve the shortness of breath experienced by patients with heart disease when the ventilatory pattern becomes abnormal during exercise. However, the precise relationship between breathing patterns and the effect of exercise training has not been elucidated to date. We evaluated the relationship between the effect of exercise training on exercise tolera...

OBJECTIVE During maximal incremental exercise, the ability to work in the anaerobic condition, expressed by the respiratory exchange ratio, is associated with physical performance. Further, peak respiratory exchange ratio is regarded as the best non-invasive measure of a patient's actual exercise effort. This study examined whether ability to work in the anaerobic condition is also associated w...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To explore the significance of oxygen kinetics during early recovery after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in the assessment of functional capacity and severity of the disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen patients with CF (9 male/9 female; mean +/- SD age, 23 +/- 13 years) and 11 healthy subjects (3 male/8 female; mean age, 29 +/- 4 ...

BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of the cardiopulmonary exercise test as an objective indicator of functional status and as a pre-operative prognostic indicator in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) and aortic regurgitation (AR). METHODS Cardiopulmonary exercise tests and echocardiography were performed in 47 patients (MR: 30, AR: 15, MR + AR: 2) before surgery and repeated one year ...

Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) and ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope) are widely used as submaximal measurements of cardiopulmonary exercise testing as the evaluator or prognosticator of cardiac diseases. However, very few studies have compared the effects of submaximal exercise on these measurements. A total of 58 patients with coronary artery disease underwent maximal cardiopulmona...

BACKGROUND Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects is well established in children and adults and has been found to improve symptoms and positively influence right-heart remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and long-term outcome in adult patients older than 60 years. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population comprised 96 patients in the age group of 60 to 84 yea...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)), heart rate (HR) reserve and HR recovery in early and late heart transplant recipients. Moreover, we also aimed to correlate peak VO(2) and HR reserve. METHODS Fivteen heart transplant recipients (8 early and 7 late), 8 ± 3 and 161 ± 58 months after transplantation, respectively, performed a cardiopulmonary exerci...

PURPOSE To provide a large reference material on key cardio-respiratory variables in a healthy population of Norwegian men and women aged 20-90 years. METHODS Sub maximal and peak levels of cardio-respiratory variables were measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing during treadmill running. RESULTS The highest peak ventilation among men (141.9±24.5 L·min-1) and women (92.0±16.5 L·min-...