BACKGROUND Incorporation of secretory proteins into ER-derived vesicles involves recognition of cytosolic signals by the COPII coat protein, Sec24. Additional cargo diversity is achieved through cargo receptors, which include the Erv14/Cornichon family that mediates export of transmembrane proteins despite the potential for such clients to directly interact with Sec24. The molecular function of...

12 13 The authors declare that no competing interests exist. 14 2 Abstract 15 Autophagy is a major pathway for the clearance of harmful material from the cytoplasm. 16 During autophagy cytoplasmic material is delivered into the lysosomal system by organelles 17 called autophagosomes. Autophagosomes form in a de novo manner and, in the course of their 18 formation, isolate cargo material from th...

Kinesin-based cargo transport in cells frequently involves the coordinated activity of multiple motors, including kinesins from different families that move at different speeds. However, compared to the progress at the single-molecule level, mechanisms by which multiple kinesins coordinate their activity during cargo transport are poorly understood. To understand these multimotor coordination m...

Myosin VIIA, thought to be involved in human auditory function, is a gene responsible for human Usher syndrome type 1B, which causes hearing and visual loss. Recent studies have suggested that it can move processively if it forms a dimer. Nevertheless, it exists as a monomer in vitro, unlike the well-known two-headed processive myosin Va. Here we studied the molecular mechanism, which is curren...

Most major airlines decide to take new strategies for the competition in the air cargo industry. They are concerned with assigning cargo over flights in creative ways. This paper considers the multi-agent solution for cargo assignment. First we present cargo control principles and introduce the pipelining assignment concept, then the difficulties of traditional operations research solving this ...

OVERVIEW: Container inspection is categorized into three stages. In the initial stage, large-size X-ray DR (digital radiography) is used to inspect full containers sitting on their trailers. If that inspection identifies suspicious cargo, the trailer and container are relocated to a nearby inspection position for opening the container and inspecting all cargo inside. In the second stage, small-...

Tango1 enables ER-to-Golgi trafficking of large proteins. We show here that loss of Tango1, in addition to disrupting protein secretion and ER/Golgi morphology, causes ER stress and defects in cell shape. We find that the previously observed dependence of smaller cargos on Tango1 is a secondary effect. If large cargos like Dumpy, which we identify as a Tango1 cargo, are removed from the cell, n...

COPII vesicles mediate the export of secretory cargo from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites. However, of 60-90 nm diameter COPII vesicles are too small to accommodate secreted molecules such as the collagens. The ER exit site-located proteins TANGO1 and cTAGE5 are required for the transport of collagens and therefore provide a means to understand the export of big cargo and the mechanism of...

A challenging problem in security is the screening of cargo. The greater size, density, and complexity of cargo makes CT-based sensing especially diffi cult. These problems are compounded when sensing geometry is limited. In this project, we aim to develop accurate physics-based models of X-ray cargo sensing and corresponding model-based image reconstruction methods for limited angle measuremen...