In the past few decades, the quantitative computation of surface roughness has received increasing attention due to its importance in numerical surface study. In this paper, concepts of mathematical morphology are employed to compute and characterize the surface roughness of catchments extracted from a simulated digital elevation model (DEM). Morphological smoothing is implemented on the simula...

The development of new hydrological models and the enhancement of the existing models are needed for water management. For instance, increasing rainfall may accelerate water erosion in watersheds and raise the probability of flooding events in the urban areas. The impacts include environmental and social-economic conditions. The hydrologic models SEADS, a physical process based model and GURUH,...

In Papua New Guinea, a significant portion of morbidity and mortality is attributed to water-borne diseases. To reduce incidence of disease, communities and non-governmental organizations have installed rain catchments to provide drinking water of improved quality. However, little work has been done to determine whether these rain catchments provide drinking water of better quality than traditi...

Objectives : To identify and estimate the non-point source (NPS) pollution loads in Yongdam watershed, to take an appropriate NPS management plan suitable for environmental conditions of sub-basin watershed.Methods The pollutant watershed was investigated establish hydrological simulation program-fortran (HSPF) model study area so that characteristics runoff were simulated. Furthermore, detaile...

Senegal river (SRB), Niger (NRB), and Lake Chad basins (LCB). We investigated the impacts of land use/land cover change (LULC) climate variability on water balance components from 1990 to 2020. applied Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) coupled with remote sensing retrievals actual evapotranspiration (ETa) surface soil moisture (SSM). To separate two aforementioned factors, numerical experiments...

Catchment travel time distributions reflect how precipitation from different storms is stored and mixed as it is transported to the stream. Catchment travel time distributions can be described by the mean travel time and the shape of the distribution around the mean. Whereas mean travel times have been quantified in a range of catchment studies, only rarely has the shape of the distribution bee...

A global overview of dam-based impacts on large river systems shows that over half (172 out of 292) are affected by dams, including the eight most biogeographically diverse. Dam-impacted catchments experience higher irrigation pressure and about 25 times more economic activity per unit of water than do unaffected catchments. In view of projected changes in climate and water resource use, these ...

Controls of stream water NO3 in mountainous and forested catchments are not thoroughly understood. Longterm trends in stream water NO3 are positive, neutral and negative, often apparently independent of trends in N deposition. Here, time series of NO3 in four small acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway were analysed in order to identify likely drivers of long-term changes in NO3. In two ...

[1] In the current empirical study, we provide evidence about how the hydrologic responses of small mountain catchments are related to aspect (slope direction and exposure) at Redondo Peak, located in the Valles Caldera, New Mexico, United States. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the transit time of water is related to the catchment aspect. Aspect is an easily measurable and transferab...