نتایج جستجو برای: categorization theory

تعداد نتایج: 808943  

2010
Sebastien Helie Jennifer G. Waldschmidt Gregory Ashby

Three experiments studied the effects of category structure on the development of categorization automaticity. In Experiment 1, participants were each trained for over 10,000 trials in a simple categorization task with one of three category structures. Results showed that after the first few sessions, there were no significant behavioral differences between participants who learned rulebased ve...

2005
Jennifer L. Ramsey Judith H. Langlois Nathan C. Marti

We review and provide empirical evidence to show that infants categorize and process male and female faces diVerently, with an advantage in processing female faces. To understand this asymmetry in categorization and processing of male and female faces, we evaluate three mechanisms inXuencing infant categorization of male and female faces: diVerential experience with female and male faces; early...

Journal: :Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance 1990
F G Ashby W T Maddox

This article examines decision processes in the perception and categorization of stimuli composed of the separable psychological dimensions, orientation and size. The randomization technique (Ashby & Gott, 1988) of general recognition theory, which allows accurate estimation of a subject's decision boundary in a categorization task, is used in 4 experiments. Even though the stimulus components ...

Journal: :Brain and cognition 2004
Francesca Garbarini Mauro Adenzato

Recent experimental research in the field of neurophysiology has led to the discovery of two classes of visuomotor neurons: canonical neurons and mirror neurons. In light of these studies, we propose here an overview of two classical themes in the cognitive science panorama: James Gibson's theory of affordances and Eleanor Rosch's principles of categorization. We discuss how theoretical perspec...

2014
Jian Yu Zongben Xu

Cluster analysis has attracted more and more attention in the field of machine learning and data mining. Numerous clustering algorithms have been proposed and are being developed due to diverse theories and various requirements of emerging applications. Therefore, it is very worth establishing an unified axiomatic framework for data clustering. In the literature, it is an open problem and has b...

2018
Gustavo M. Tavares Filipe Sobral Rafael Goldszmidt Felipe Araújo

Although research on implicit leadership theories (ILTs) has concentrated on determining which attributes define a leadership prototype, little attention has been paid to testing the relative importance of each of these attributes for individuals' leadership perceptions. Building on socio-cognitive theories of impression processes, we experimentally explore the formation of leadership perceptio...

Journal: :Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition 2005
James A Hampton Zachary Estes Claire L Simmons

People categorized pairs of perceptual stimuli that varied in both category membership and pairwise similarity. Experiments 1 and 2 showed categorization of 1 color of a pair to be reliably contrasted from that of the other. This similarity-based contrast effect occurred only when the context stimulus was relevant for the categorization of the target (Experiment 3). The effect was not simply ow...

Journal: :Attention, perception & psychophysics 2010
Sébastien Hélie Jennifer G Waldschmidt F Gregory Ashby

Three experiments studied the effects of category structure on the development of categorization automaticity. In Experiment 1, participants were each trained for over 10,000 trials in a simple categorization task with one of three category structures. Results showed that after the first few sessions, there were no significant behavioral differences between participants who learned rule-based v...

Journal: :Journal of experimental psychology. General 2001
F G Ashby E M Waldron W W Lee A Berkman

Categorization and identification decision processes were examined and compared in 4 separate experiments. In all tasks, the critical stimulus component was a line that varied across trials in length and orientation, and the optimal decision rules were always complex piecewise quadratic functions. Evidence was found that identification is mediated by separate explicit and implicit systems. In a...

2011
Kevin Robert Canini Thomas L. Griffiths Wolf Vanpaemel Michael L. Kalish

Progress in studying human categorization has typically involved comparing generalization judgments made by people to those made by models for a variety of training conditions. In this paper, we explore an alternative method for understanding human category learning—iterated learning—which can directly expose the inductive biases of human learners and categorization models. Using a variety of s...

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