There are some rare but probable devastating complications following any rhinoplasty. Charlin’s syndrome is a typical one. It is completely related to the external nasal nerve. In this report, we are presenting a 21-year-old female with signs and symptoms of Charlin’s syndrome, persisting for 4 years after a routine septorhinoplasty operation. Surgery was uneventful and the patient ...

During embryonic life, events may alter the normal growth and fusion of the endocardial tube, the paired dorsal aortae, and the vitelline plexus, leading to anomalies and variants of the mature axial arterial system.1 Many of these are well known, especially those associated with the aorta, heart, and umbilical artery.1,2 Vitelline variants have also been found that are either associated with M...

Introduction: Sirenomelia is a congenital structural anomaly characterized by abnormal development of the caudal region of the body with varying degrees of fusion of lower limbs. Most of the times, the condition is fatal for the baby. Most babies do not survive even after surgery. Fifty percent of cases are seen as stillbirths, and it is much more common in identical twins. This abnormality was...

Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of one in 100,000 pregnancies. It is also called as Mermaid Syndrome because of fused leg, giving appearance of mermaid’s tail. The cause of the condition is probably due to abnormalities in gastrulation in caudal segments. It was initially termed caudal regression, but it is clear that structures do not regress, they simply do not form...

During embryonic life, events may alter the normal growth and fusion of the endocardial tube, the paired dorsal aortae, and the vitelline plexus, leading to anomalies and variants of the mature axial arterial system.1 Many of these are well known, especially those associated with the aorta, heart, and umbilical artery.1,2 Vitelline variants have also been found that are either associated with M...

We aimed to discuss the prenatal diagnosis and pathological features of sirenomelia, and to review current embryogenic theories. We observed two sirenomelic fetuses that were at the 19th and 16th gestational week respectively. In the former, transvaginal ultrasound revealed severe oligohydramnios and internal abortion, whereas bilateral renal agenesis, absence of a normally tapered lumbosacral ...

Hoxa13 is expressed early in the caudal mesoderm and endoderm of the developing hindgut. The tissue-specific roles of Hoxa13 function have not been described. Hand-foot-genital syndrome, a rare dominantly inherited human malformation syndrome characterized by distal extremity and genitourinary anomalies, is caused by mutations in the HOXA13 gene. We show evidence that one specific HOXA13 mutati...

BACKGROUND Caudal epidural injection of local anesthetics with or without steroids is one of the most commonly used interventions in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain. However, there has been a lack of well-designed randomized, controlled studies to determine the effectiveness of caudal epidural injections in various conditions - disc herniation and radiculitis, post-lumbar lam...