The lytic function of CTL relies on the polarized release of cytotoxic granules (CG) at the immune synapse (IS) with target cells. CTL also contain CCL5 in cytoplasmic storage vesicles (CCL5V) distinct from CG, the role of which, in regulating T cell effector functions, is not understood. Using human CD8(+) T cells specific to a lung tumor-associated Ag, we show in this article that CTL release...

UNLABELLED The tumor-homing property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) allows targeted delivery of therapeutic genes into the tumor microenvironment. The application of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a theranostic gene allows noninvasive imaging of MSC biodistribution and transgene expression before therapeutic radioiodine application. We have previously shown that linking therapeutic transgen...

Studies from a number of laboratories suggest that modulation of cytokine expression plays an integral role in the immunomodulatory activity of opioids. Previously, our laboratory reported that activation of the -opioid receptor induced the expression of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10, as well as CCR5 and CXCR4. Previous work has also suggested the possibility that TGFmay participate in the opioid-indu...

Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in controlling T cell-mediated adaptive immunity in atherogenesis. However, the role of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 3 (Batf3)-dependent CD8α+ DC subset in atherogenesis remains unclear. Here we show that Batf3-/-Apoe-/- mice, lacking CD8α+ DCs, exhibited a significant reduction in atherogenesis and T help 1 (Th1) cells com...

The embryonic epicardium is an important source of cardiovascular precursor cells and paracrine factors that are required for adequate heart formation. Signaling pathways regulated by WT1 that promote heart development have started to be described; however, there is little information on signaling pathways regulated by WT1 that could act in a negative manner. Transcriptome analysis of Wt1KO epi...

BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory skin disease caused by repeated skin exposure to contact allergens. The goal of this pilot study was to identify inflammatory proteins which can serve as biomarkers for ACD. METHODS We measured levels of 102 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the sera of 16 ACD patients during acute and remission phases, and 16 healthy ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) suppress chemokine (CCL2, CCL5, and CX(3)CL1) and chemokine receptor (CCR2 and CX(3)CR1) expression, a mechanism for the atheroprotective properties of HDLs. METHODS AND RESULTS Apolipoprotein (apo) E(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Before being euthanized, the mice received 5 consecutive daily injections of li...

BACKGROUND The chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted)/CCL5 is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in mice, whereas less is known in humans. We hypothesised that its relevance for atherosclerosis should be reflected by associations between CCL5 gene variants, RANTES serum concentrations and protein levels in atherosclerotic plaques and...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs, also called cancer stem-like cells, CSLCs) can function as "seed cells" for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Here, we report that, in the presence of CD133+ ovarian CSLCs, CD133- non-CSLCs can undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process and display enhanced metastatic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Highly elevated expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ...

INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer-related causes of death. This is mainly due to the lack of good noninvasive method/biomarkers suitable for early-tumour diagnosis and planning of further therapy modalities. Chemokines play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. In gastric cancer patients, clinical relevance of CXCL12 and CCL5 level has been...