Phototransduction biophysics comprises intracellular molecular reactions and ion fluxes through ion channels on the photoreceptor membrane that converts light into an electrical signal. Phototransduction biophysics serves the purpose of counting photons and integrating these counts to an estimate – a macroscopic voltage response – of light changes from a small area of visual space. To do this t...

In physics, we usually want to reduce the behavior of the system to fit it to a formula. In biology, however, all the details of the system are important; their organization makes for life. Thus the organization of proteins in the plasma membrane is critical for various biological processes that occur on membranes. My purpose here is to introduce readers first to the opportunities for learning ...