We propose a novel method to expand a small existing translation dictionary to a large translation dictionary using a pivot language. Our method depends on the assumption that it is possible to find a pivot language for a given language pair on condition that there are both a large translation dictionary from the source language to the pivot language, and a large translation dictionary from the...

Recent research on multilingual statistical machine translation focuses on the usage of pivot languages in order to overcome resource limitations for certain language pairs. This paper provides new insights into what factors make a good pivot language and investigates the impact of these factors on the overall pivot translation performance. Pivot-based SMT experiments translating between 22 Ind...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between patellofemoral contact stress and intraoperative knee kinematic patterns after mobile bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Medial osteoarthritic knees of forty-six posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses were evaluated using a computed tomography-guided navigation system. Subjects were divided into two groups based on intraopera...

Statistical machine translation (SMT) requires a parallel corpus between the source and target languages. Although a pivot-translation approach can be applied to a language pair that does not have a parallel corpus directly between them, it requires both source–pivot and pivot–target parallel corpora. We propose a novel approach to apply SMT to a resource-limited source language that has no par...

In the Texas High Plains (THP), groundwater resources for irrigation are declining because of aquifer depletion and reduced well yield. Inability to meet peak water demands maize under constrained capacities decreases yield profitability. The MOPECO crop model, calibrated THP, was adapted simulate use center pivot evaluate allocation strategies limited irrigation. Simulations were carried out o...

For a brace to be effective, it must be comfortable so that the patient will wear it. The lordotic low back can be changed to an active flat back by training (Fig. 1, left & center). To acquire an active flat back, the role of the abdominals and their deep crease at navel level is important. The lumbar spine from the lum­ bosacral area upward has a considerable arc range compared with that of t...

While recent neural machine translation approaches have delivered state-of-the-art performance for resource-rich language pairs, they suffer from the data scarcity problem for resource-scarce language pairs. Although this problem can be alleviated by exploiting a pivot language to bridge the source and target languages, the source-to-pivot and pivot-to-target translation models are usually inde...