background: schistosomiasis is considered as one of the most important infections in ruminants. the flukes are found in the blood vessels of animals. this parasite has been observed in many countries such as: turkmenistan, kazakhstan, iran, iraq and parts of europe. objectives: aim of this study was to determine the contamination of schistosoma turkestanicum in sheep in the central region of ma...

the commentator suggests that it is necessary to extend the classical connotation of  global city which focuses much on the functions of controlling global capital and production. global city should also include the dimensions of the leading role and capacity on health improvements and well-being promotion. the commentator agrees with authors’ assessments about shanghai’s substantial progress o...