background: the cuprizone multiple sclerosis (ms) animal model is characteristic for toxic demyelination and represents a reversible demyelination and remyelination system. it has been shown that green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) might be effective in improving the symptoms and pathological conditions associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases in several animal models. objective...

Among many mycotoxins, T-2 toxin, macrocyclic trichothecenes, fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) and ochratochin A (OTA) are known to have the potential to induce neurotoxicity in rodent models. T-2 toxin induces neuronal cell apoptosis in the fetal and adult brain. Macrocyclic trichothecenes bring about neuronal cell apoptosis and inflammation in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. FB(1) induces ...

Previous studies have demonstrated methamphetamine (METH)-induced toxicity to dopaminergic and serotonergic axons in rat striatum. Although several studies have identified the nature of reactive astrogliosis in this lesion model, the response of microglia has not been examined in detail. In this investigation, we characterized the temporal relationship of reactive microgliosis to neuropathologi...

background: alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive loss of cognitive abilities and memory loss. the aim of this study was to compare neuropathological changes in hippocampus and brain cortex in a rat model of ad. methods: adult male albino wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) were used for behavioral and histopathological studies. the rats were randomly assigned t...

BACKGROUND Deltamethrin (DM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that can elicit neurotoxicity, leading to apoptosis. There is accumulating evidence that oleuropein (OE) has anti-apoptotic effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-apoptotic effect of OE pretreatment in the neuronal cells of cerebral cortex. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four groups each containin...

BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse continues to be a major illicit drug of abuse. Neuroimaging findings suggest that Meth is neurotoxic and may alter various brain structures, but the effect of Meth on the aging brain has not been studied. AIM The aim was to determine regional volumes of cortical gray matter in the brains of adult Meth users versus healthy control subjects, and their int...

BACKGROUND Neuroimaging of drug-associated cue presentations has aided in understanding the neurobiological substrates of craving and relapse for cocaine, alcohol, and nicotine. However, imaging of cue-reactivity in methamphetamine addiction has been much less studied. METHOD Nine caucasian male methamphetamine-dependent subjects and nine healthy controls were scanned in a Phillips 3.0T MRI s...

The present study sought to determine whether doses of methamphetamine in the range of those used recreationally by humans produce brain dopamine (DA) neurotoxicity in baboons and to ascertain whether positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the DA transporter (DAT) ligand [C]WIN-35,428 ([C]2b-carbomethoxy-3b-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane) could be used to detect methamphetamine-induced DAT l...

Neurotoxicity is a recognized complication of cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy in patients undergoing organ transplantation. It is most commonly manifested by fever, seizures, and altered mental status. Cortical blindness and speech and motor disturbances can also occur. Changes seen in cerebral white matter on imaging studies are nonenhancing areas of hypoattenuation on CT and T2 prolongation on MR...

We visualize, for the first time, the profile of structural deficits in the human brain associated with chronic methamphetamine (MA) abuse. Studies of human subjects who have used MA chronically have revealed deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and cerebral metabolic abnormalities. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and new computational brain-mapping techniques, we determined...