A modified rubella virus plaque neutralization test for measuring rubella antibody was developed based on the potentiation of the virus-antibody complex by heterologous anti-immunoglobulin. The test is highly sensitive, yielding titers on the average 50 to 100 times higher than the haemagglutination inhibition test or the conventional plaque neutralization test. The sensitivity of this enhanced...

A 36-year-old homosexual Mexican man was admitted to our hospital, with a 30-day history of fever and headache. Upon cerebrospinal fluid examination, the patient's white blood cell count was 1,580/L, total protein was 26 mg/dL, sugar was 17 mg/dL, and his intracranial pressure was 23 cmH2O. The patient was diagnosed with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection by serum Western blotting. Cr...

An IgG subclass deficiency is often associated with bacterial infections. We studied four pediatric patients suffering from meningoencephalitis, two of them due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and two due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Simultaneous diagnostic serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken during income. The four subclasses of IgG and albumin were quantified in both biologic fl...

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC. 4.1.1.28) deficiency is a newly described inborn error of metabolism that affects serotonin and dopamine biosynthesis. The major biochemical markers for this disease are increases of L-dopa, 3-methoxytyrosine, and 5-hydroxytryptophan in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid together with decreased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid ...

background and objective: febrile convulsions (fc) are the most common seizure disorders in children. lumbar puncture should be considered in any case with fc who is suspected to intracranial infections. this study determined white blood cell and polymorphonuclear cell counts, protein and glucose levels in cerebrospinal fluids (cfs) of children that were hospitalized with fc. methods: in this c...

BACKGROUND Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Persian Gulf War Illness (PGI), and fibromyalgia are overlapping symptom complexes without objective markers or known pathophysiology. Neurological dysfunction is common. We assessed cerebrospinal fluid to find proteins that were differentially expressed in this CFS-spectrum of illnesses compared to control subjects. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid speci...

Hybridomas were produced from spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with a membrane preparation from Neisseria meningitidis group A strain 4402 and S194/5.XXOBU.14 myeloma cells. The hybridomas were screened for secretion of antibodies suitable for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) diagnostic for group A meningococcal meningitis. One hybridoma antibody, 3G7, was directed against the ...

Beta2-Microglobulin ( β 2-m) is a low molecular weight protein occurring in all body fluids. Its concentration increases in various pathologies. Increased values in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are ascribed to an activation of immune system. Using immunoturbidimetry, we examined concentrations of beta2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid in a large group of 6274 patients with defined neurological...

To demonstrate oligoclonal IgG bands (I) in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid, we used isoelectric focusing in agarose followed by protein transfer to cellulose nitrate membrane, double-antibody peroxidase labeling, and avidin-biotin amplification. I can be reliably seen after isoelectric focusing of 5-microL specimens containing 125 ng of IgG (25 mg/L). Thus the technique is more sensitive th...

Validated biomarkers for patients suffering from gliomas are urgently needed for standardizing measurements of the effects of treatment in daily clinical practice and trials. Circulating body fluids offer easily accessible sources for such markers. This review highlights various categories of tumor-associated circulating biomarkers identified in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of glioma patients,...