Since the report from the International Study on extracranial-intracranial bypass was presented in 1985, an abrupt stop to almost all bypass surgery was introduced. The clear goals of the bypass study to reduce repeated strokes based on extracranial-intracranial bypass could not be documented. This review emphasizes the drawbacks of this previous study and why its conclusions were too sweeping,...

INTRODUCTION Cerebro-vascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of symptomatic epilepsies. This study aims to investigate: a) Frequency of epilepsy in patients with CVD; b) Correlation of epilepsy with the type of CVD (ischemic and hemorrhage) and with age. METHODOLOGY It is analyzed medical documentation of 816 hospitalized patients with CVD in the clinic of Neurology in University Clinic...

This issue of The Open Neurology Journal addresses with six manuscripts emerging risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases. Even being in the ‘post thrombolysis era’, stroke remains a major cause of death and disability. This is true not only in industrialized but also for developing countries where the burden of stroke is more and more increasing. This is also demonstrated by the growing inter...

A cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, is defined as the abrupt onset of a neurological deficit, which can be due to ischemia. Cerebral ischemia is caused by a reduction in blood flow that thereby decreases cerebral metabolism. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to irreversible brain damage and plays an important role in the development of certain types of dementia. Vinpocetine, chemically kn...