background: although the pap smear is known as one of the effective methods to detect the cervical cancer, a large group of women are reluctant to do the test because of various reasons. therefore, we carried out this study to determine the level of knowledge about cervical cancer and pap smear and the factors influencing the pap test screening among women. methods: in this cross-sectional stud...

mediastinal tracheostomy is a complex surgical procedure for the management of airway reconstruction in patients whose distal trachea is not sufficiently long to be reconstructed as cervical tracheostomy after tracheal resection for malignant diseases. in this article (study), we present our 10 year experience of this uncommon procedure in thoracic surgery ward of imam khomeini's hospital, tehr...

Human papilloma Virus (HPV) is the primary infection that causes Cervical cancer. Due to high cost of treatment for cervical cancer, protection against HPV and cancer may be preferable in a scarce resource settings. In this paper, deterministic model incorporates was developed analysed. The endemic state shown exist provided reproduction number greater than unity. Furthermore, by use Routh-Hurw...

Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and cervical cancer (CxCa) develop because of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection; however, other cofactors such as endogenous hormones could contribute to the development this neoplasia.

Recommendations for cervical cancer screening have had remarkable agreement from a number of medical societies, including the American College Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Cancer Society (ACS), Cervical Colposcopy Pathology (ASCCP), US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF). Reference to recommended age may need be re-examined, in light current data regarding comparative age-relat...

background: cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world among women and human papilloma virus (hpv) plays a major role in its development. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hpv type 16 and 18 in cervical discharge by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method in women with atypical biopsy or papsmear. method: this case- control study was performed on women i...

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;385:1908–1918) In May 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for elimination of global cervical cancer as a major public health priority, with 2-pronged approach focusing on effective vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) and screening treatment early cancer. Cervical is considered largely preventable through these programs; however, it cont...

background & objectives: pap smear test is an effective screening method for diagnosis of cervical cancer. therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of individual and group trainings based on health belief model on belief and practice of bushehr women regarding pap smear test. methods: this controlled clinical trial study was performed on 150 women in three groups of; individual traini...

background human papillomavirus (hpv) is associated with various benign and malignant lesions including genital condyloma and anogenital cancer. the presence of hpv-dna was studied in archival biopsies of high- and intermediate-risk lesions for cervical carcinoma in women referred to mirza hospital in tehran. patients and methods totally, 105 iranian archived biopsies collected during february ...

background: cervical cancer is one of the most important and commonly diagnosed types of cancer in females. there are different causes of cervical cancer, amongst which recurrent and persistent infection with hpv types 16 and 18 are the most renowned ones. these genotypes are the main factors in 99 % of cases in developed countries and 70 % in developing ones. due to the importance of these vir...