sheep as an experimental animal has been used in many veterinary researches. the developmental study of the ovine cervicothoracic ganglion in the fetal stages will reveal the anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system in the adult sheep and morphological and morphometrical relation between this ganglion and surrounding structures. the aim of this research was to follow morphological and morphome...

Lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) may complicate surgical procedures on the cervical spine. This study aims to define linear and angular relations of the CST with respect to consistent structures around it, including the number and size of the cervical ganglia, the distances between the CST and the longus colli muscle and the anterior tubercles of the tran...

BACKGROUND Cervicothoracic spinal tuberculosis is a rare disease. Due to its difficult and challenging surgical exposure, its surgical treatment approach remains inconclusive. Long-term follow-up studies to address this puzzling issue are rarely seen in the literature. The purpose of this study was to explore the selection of surgical treatment approaches for cervicothoracic spinal tuberculosis...

A 44-year old man presented with increased shortness of breath. A chest X-ray revealed a widening of the mediastinum (Fig. 1a). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right paratracheal tumour (Fig. 1b, c). Rotational arteriography showed that the right thyrocervical artery was supplying the mass (Fig. 1d). He underwent a right cervical incision and thoracotomy resection of the mass. Histolo...

In order to study the formation of the sacrum during the primate evolution, a new way of numbering mammalian vertebrae is presented; this demonstrates that the thoracolumbosacral complex is fixed at 22 vertebrae in 80% and at 22 +/- 1 in 100% of the cases. The shift of a vertebra from one type to another occurs either at the thoracolumbar or at the lumbosacral junction and not at the cervicotho...