Knowledge An ability to draw on knowledge that behaviour is defined as 'challenging' when it involves significant risks to the child/young person's physical well-being and/or has a significant impact on their quality of life and their access to ordinary facilities An ability to draw on knowledge that challenging behaviours are more common in children with learning disabilities and in children w...

In this issue of Circulation Research, Tessari et al1 investigate the role of an interesting gene, Pitx2, which acts in breaking symmetry in early development and has subsequent roles in differentiation of the inflow and outflow segment of the heart. Already almost 10 years ago, the transcription factor Pitx2 was demonstrated by several groups to be expressed asymmetrical in the early embryo an...

chemicals and ionizing radiation. While an earlier study by other researchers did not find any correlation between increased placental UGT activity and maternal cigarette smoking, this study found a strong correlation for mothers who were both drug abusers and smokers. This suggests that illicit drugs compound the problems associated with smoking. The study also reports the discovery of a previ...

ARTICLE INFO ______________________________________________________________ ______________________ There is a lack of definitive information regarding the precise indications, implementation, and outcomes of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for the treatment of critically ill children. Six children (three boys, three girls) aged from 3 days to 8 years, all of whom had multiple organ ...

Rhinoplasty is the most common facial plastic procedure practiced today. Since thenose is the central andmost prominent part of the face, the reasons for the popularity of this operation should be obvious. However, the major part of the credit for the acceptance of this operation by the public is due to the pioneer, dedicated surgeons who have contributed a great number of technical innovations...

Stand-alone ranking systems based on highly optimized inverted file structures are generally considered ‘the’ solution for building search engines. Observing various developments in software and hardware, we argue however that IR research faces a complex engineering problem in the quest for more flexible yet efficient retrieval systems. We propose to base the development of retrieval systems on...

Sometimes it is helpful to stand back from the everyday routines of our practices and evaluate the bases for our treatment methods. Our daily routines are often filled with clinical procedures that are successful and proper for our patients. They are proper because we have selected them specifically for our patient’s needs. But what makes them so appropriate? Perhaps an analogy may be helpful. ...

Bedside ultrasound is a useful tool to the clinician evaluating a possible emergency medical condition. The use of ultrasound by clinicians, from emergency physicians to surgeons to family practice physicians, is increasing. With increased use, unusual or unexpected findings will occur. The clinician-sonographer should be aware of the potential limitations as well as the possible incidental fin...

Aspirated foreign bodies present challenges to otolaryngologists. The major issues involve the accurate diagnosis and safe retrieval of the foreign body. The accurate diagnosis might be difficult because the initial choking incidents are not witnessed and the symptoms may mimic other common conditions. The author wishes to share our experience of managing an interesting case of 2.5 year-old-gir...

The study of the genome dictated that the whole is more than the sum of its parts; genes do not function independently but in networks. The impact of this understanding was explosive. It acknowledged the concept that this interplay of genes is at least equally significant to their individual functions, and indicated that genome alone cannot describe the whole of an organism, not without the stu...