The present study extends the range of flow patterns observed during boiling of water in a single minichannel of height 197 μm and width 1054 μm. The calculated hydraulic diameter of the channel is 333 μm. High-speed photography is used to obtain video images of the flow field. The top covers of the channels are made of Lexan to permit visual observation, while the minichannel is machined in a ...

With ultrashort laser pulses (25 fs) and low energy (E=15 mJ), we observe laser plasma channels with a length over 5 m in air. The diameter of the plasma channel is measured to be 120 microm. The average electron density in the channel is inferred to be about 10(18) W/cm(3) with an interferometric method. At the same time, the temporal evolution of the electron density in the plasma channel is ...

Soft pneumatic actuators have been explored for endoscopic applications, but challenges in fabricating complex geometry with desirable dimensions and compliance remain. The addition of an camera or tool channel is generally not possible without significant change the diameter actuator. Radial expansion ballooning actuator walls during bending undesirable applications. inclusion strain limiting ...

This article summarizes ways to verify neutron fluence for neutron transmutation doping of silicon with phosphorus on the LVR-15 reactor. Neutron fluence is determined using activation detectors placed along the crystal in a strip or encapsulated in a rod holder. Holders are placed at the centre of a water-filled capsule or in an aluminum or silicon ingot that simulates a real single crystal. I...

A microfluidic method is presented to measure the elastic membrane properties of a population of microcapsules with diameter of order 60 μm. The technique consists of flowing a suspension of capsules enclosed by a polymerized ovalbumin membrane through a square-section microfluidic channel with cross dimension comparable with the capsule mean diameter. The deformed profile and the velocity of a...

The small hydraulic diameters employed during flow boiling in compact evaporator passages are becoming more important as they are employed in diverse applications including electronics cooling and fuel cell evaporators. The high pressure drop characteristics of these passages are particularly important as they alter the flow and heat transfer, especially in parallel multi-channel configuration....

This study characterises morphologically Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977 from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Body and gill smears were air-dried at room temperature, impregnated with silver nitrate and/or stained with Giemsa. Ten characteristics were selected to compare the present material with other morphological character...

The commercial off the shelf (COTS) twelve channel optical fiber MTP array connector and ribbon cable assembly is being validated for space flight use and the results of this study to date are presented here. The interconnection system implemented for the Parallel Fiber Optic Data Bus (PFODB) physical layer will include a 100 /140 micron diameter optical fiber in the cable configuration among o...

BACKGROUND Delayed cerebral vasospasm is the most common cause of mortality and severe neurological impairment in patients who survive subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite improvements in the field of diagnostic imaging, options for prevention and medical treatment-primarily with the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine or hemodynamic manipulations-are insufficient. Previous studies have suggested...