In this paper is described a foreign language learning application using mobile augmented reality based on gamification method and text recognition. The mobile augmented reality is a technology that extends the real world elements with 2D or 3D computer generated objects and lets the users interact with them. A Gamification system is based on different mechanisms that increase the motivation of...

GATE is a Unicode-aware architecture, development environment and framework for building systems that process human language. It is often thought that the character sets problem has been solved by the arrival of the Unicode standard. This standard is an important advance, but in practice the ability to process text in a large number of the World’s languages is still limited. This paper describe...

The mechanism that controls digit formation has long intrigued developmental and theoretical biologists, and many different models and mechanisms have been proposed. Here we review models of limb development with a specific focus on digit and long bone formation. Decades of experiments have revealed the basic signaling circuits that control limb development, and recent advances in imaging and m...

Introduction Human translators working with "embedded machine translation (MT) systems"1 on the task of filtering text documents in a foreign language often have limited training in the foreign language they encounter. For our MT system users who are also language learners, we are developing a suite of linguistic tools that enable them, on the same laptop platform, to perform their foreign lang...

We combine information from a language model and character image pattern matching to iteratively reduce ambiguity in document images. Combining word shape information and lists of similar bitmap patterns in a document at least partially resolves the character content without optical character recognition. We present the output in various ways. suitable for human readers or for differing downstr...

This paper reports a study on the development of the Chinese character recognition knowledge in 2 942 Hong Kong Cantonese-speaking elementary school children. 2 357 Chinese characters in the Revised Chinese Character List (2007) for Hong Kong Cantonese-speaking elementary school children were divided into 36 versions of test booklets to test the school children’s character recognition knowledge...

Development and physiology translate genetic variation into phenotypic variation and determine the genotype-phenotype map, such as which gene affects which character (pleiotropy). Any genetic change in this mapping reflects a change in development. Here, we discuss evidence for variation in pleiotropy and propose the selection, pleiotropy and compensation model (SPC) for adaptive evolution. It ...

During the embryonic development of the mouse limb separation of the digit is followed by their union. This is a true, though temporary, epithelial fusion, a fused layer of epidermal cells remaining intact until separation takes place after birth. The periderm cells in the line of fusion are displaced to the dorsal or ventral surface of the foot. On the dorsal surface these displaced cells form...

In this paper, I discuss general challenges associated with authoring characters for interactive narrative games. I then highlight some significant issues in this area, including challenges associated with authorship and improvised character development. Continuing, I propose one avenue for addressing these issues: procedural character-structure generation. I then outline the Personage prototyp...