Intrafractional motion and interfractional changes affect the accuracy of the delivered dose in radiotherapy, particularly in charged-particle radiotherapy. Most recent studies are focused on intrafractional motion (respiratory motion). Here, we report a quantitative simulation analysis of the effects of interfractional changes on water-equivalent pathlength (WEL) in charged-particle lung thera...

The observational data from some black hole candidates suggest the importance of electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of a black hole. Highly magnetized disk accretion may play an importance rule, and large scale magnetic field may be formed above the disk surface. Then, we expect that the nature of the black hole spacetime would be reveiled by magnetic phenomena near the black hole. We will ...

A general formalism is developed to describe the interaction of charged particles with electromagnetic waves in terms of coupled finite difference mapping equations that incorporate tokamak topology. The approach is based on considering non-adiabatic changes in the constants of particle motion and it covers a range of wave–particle resonance frequencies, from the precessional to cyclotron frequ...

Universality principles provide us with important guidelines for constructing candidates of fundamental theories which have a chance of being true. For example, an essential property of Maxwell’s theory is that electromagnetic interactions depend only on the charge of a particle, not on the various physical origins of this charge. The charge of an ion is composed of electronic and nuclear charg...

It is well-known that coordinates of a charged particle in the presence of a monopole background become noncommutative. In this paper, we study the motion of a charged particle moving on a supersphere in the presence of a supermonopole. We construct a supermonopole by using a supersymmetric extension of the first Hopf map. We investigate algebras of angular momentum operators and supersymmetry ...

We prove the existence of diffusing solutions in the motion of a charged particle in the presence of ABCmagnetic fields. The equations of motion are modeled by a 3DOF Hamiltonian system depending on two parameters. For small values of these parameters, we obtain a normally hyperbolic invariantmanifold andwe apply the so-called geometric methods for a priori unstable systems developed by A. Dels...

A fundamental electrokinetic phenomenon is the electro-osmotic flow of a liquid electrolyte (solution of positive and negative ions) past a charged surface in response to a tangential electric field. Electrophoresis is the related phenomenon of motion of a colloidal particle or molecule in a background electric field, propelled by electro-osmotic flow in the opposite direction. The basic physic...