The cooling rate of soot particles after laser induced incandescence (LII) is thought to provide an estimate of the size of nanoparticles (NPs) in the engine exhaust. It is shown that cooling rate is not applicable to NPs, and instead is only a measure of the size of micron-sized particles. The problem is that the conservation of absorbed laser photon energy in NPs is subject to quantum electro...

Radiation damage to protein crystals is the most serious problem in obtaining accurate structures from protein crystallography. In order to examine the photon energy dependence of radiation damage, 12 to 15 data sets from each of nine tetragonal lysozyme crystals were collected at nine different X-ray energies (6.5, 7.1, 8.3, 9.9, 12.4, 16.5, 20.0, 24.8 and 33.0 keV) using beamline BL41XU at SP...

We investigated the radiative energy budgets of a heterogeneous photosynthetic coral reef sediment and a compact uniform cyanobacterial biofilm on top of coastal sediment. By combining electrochemical, thermocouple and fiber-optic microsensor measurements of O2, temperature and light, we could calculate the proportion of the absorbed light energy that was either dissipated as heat or conserved ...

In this work the effects of controlled rolling parameters and adding of Niobium have been studied. In this order two steel grades with and without Niobium are planed and after steelmaking and continuous casting, rolling process are done. Then, laboratory investigations such as microstructure, mechanical properties and grain size analysis were performed Tensile and Charpy impact tests specimens ...

Strength and toughness are a couple of paradox as similar as strength-ductility trade-off in homogenous materials, body-centered-cubic steels in particular. Here we report a simple way to get ultrahigh toughness without sacrificing strength. By simple alloying design and hot rolling the 5Mn3Al steels in ferrite/austenite dual phase temperature region, we obtain a series of ferrite/martensite la...

One of the obstacles of applying data-driven models in industry is the lack of confidence in the accuracy of the model predictions. One way of overcoming this is by adding a confidence interval on the predictions. In this paper, we propose a new approach for the confidence interval assessment for model predictions based on a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) framework. The advantages of the presente...

The capability of the dimensions measurement by ten appraisers of ten samples for Charpy Vnotch pendulum impact test was evaluated by Youden plot, analysis of measurement uncertainties, Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA), %P/T, Z-score, Mandel’s statistics and ttest. The group of “better” appraisers given by Youden plot was validated by majority of other methods.

A modeling technique based on absorbed microwave energy was proposed to model microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of antioxidant compounds from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) leaves. By adapting suitable extraction model at the basis of microwave energy absorbed during extraction, the model can be developed to predict extraction profile of MAE at various microwave irradiation power (100-600 W) and ...