Rangeland ecosystems provide a wide range of services such as gas regulation function whose economic value has not been understood. The present study aimed to estimate the economic value of CO2 absorption and oxygen generation services using unit price in Sheikh Musa Rangeland, Mazandaran Province, Iran. In the study area, clipping and weight and photosynthesis methods were applied to estimate ...

The present review covers organic transformations involved in the reduction of CO2 to chemical fuels. In particular, we focus on reactions of CO2 with organic molecules to yield carboxylic acid derivatives as a first step in CO2 reduction reaction sequences. These biomimetic initial steps create opportunities for tandem electrochemical/chemical reductions. We draw parallels between long-standin...

Acetate absorption was studied in rat jejunum using steady state perfusion in vivo. Absorption conformed to apparent saturation kinetics and was similar in magnitude to glucose absorption. When compared with normal saline, acetate perfusion was associated with luminal alkalinisation. There was no difference in total CO2 secretion when similar rates of acetate and glucose absorption were compare...

Terahertz absorption spectra have been recorded for the weakly bound CO2-H2O complex embedded in cryogenic neon matrices at 2.8 K. The three high-frequency van der Waals vibrational transitions associated with out-of-plane wagging, in-plane rocking, and torsional motion of the isotopic H2O subunit have been assigned and provide crucial observables for benchmark theoretical descriptions of this ...

High resolution x-ray lithographic studies of cells from chick embryo hearts dried by the CO2 critical point method have been made with soft x-ray radiation of different wavelengths. A marked difference in the relief replica in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resulting from the differential absorption by the dried cells of carbon K alpha radiation at 4.48 nm and broad band synchrotron radiation ...

Open framework metal chalcogenides are a family of porous semiconducting materials with diverse chemical compositions. Here we show that these materials containing covalent three-dimensional superlattices of nanosized supertetrahedral clusters can function as efficient photocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CH4. Unlike dense semiconductors, metal cations are successfully incorporated into t...

A near-infrared diode laser with sample-grating distributed Bragg reflectors was used as a widely tunable spectroscopic source for multispecies chemical sensing. Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy was utilized to obtain high absorption sensitivity in a compact gas cell. CO2, H2O C2H2, and NH3 were monitored. A noise equivalent sensitivity of 8 x 10(-9) cm(-1) W(-1) Hz(-1/2)for NH3 detec...

[1] Calculations of radiative transfer in CO2-rich atmospheres are central to modeling the early climate of Earth and Mars. Line-by-line radiative transfer models are the most accurate means of carrying out such calculations and provide the basis for all other radiative transfer approaches. We examine the sensitivity of line-by-line results to three parameterizations of line and continuum absor...

Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) remote sensing is a promising technology for atmospheric CO2 detection. However, stringent wavelength accuracy and stability are required in DIAL system. Accurate on-line wavelength calibration is a crucial procedure for retrieving atmospheric CO2 concentration using the DIAL, particularly when pulsed lasers are adopted in the system. Large fluctuations in t...

Co2+ & Er3+ co-doped ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 180°C and pH= 12 for 48 h. Powder XRD patterns indicate that the Zn1-2xErxCoxO crystals (0.00<x≤0.035) are isostructural with ZnO. The cell parameters increase for Er3+ and Co2+ upon increasing the dopant content (x). SEM images show that doping of Er3+ and Co2+ into the sites of Zn2+ does not change the morpho...