In fluvial systems, organismic exposure to nonpoint source pollutants will fluctuate in frequency (exposure events), intensity (concentration), and duration. The reliance on lethal concentrations and static exposure in many laboratory studies does not adequately represent nor address exposure to in situ chemical plumes of fluvial habitats. To adequately address field exposure in a laboratory se...

background: in this study, the chemical quality of water in some sub-basins of gamasiab river has been investigated for a long term planning of water consuming in the region . methods: the area is about 11 x10 3 km 2 , located in ramadan and kermanshah, the two western regions of iran. in this regard the results of the water samples, which were collected on the outlet of the 13 hydrometrical st...

Acorns play an important role in human history and are a source of food and recipes for many cultures around the world. In this study, eleven oleanolic triterpenes, one of which was novel, were isolated from Chinese acorns (Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata). The chemical structure of the novel triterpene, which was identified as 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-24-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), was es...

To analyze the cofactors of alcohol-related trauma at a rural, Level II trauma center, 127 admitted trauma patients were interviewed about psychological problems, social factors, and medical histories. Patients were divided into two groups, blood alcohol content (BAC) positive and BAC negative, for analysis. Seventy-one patients (56%) were BAC negative; 56 (44%) were BAC positive. Forty-three o...

A new method for the preparation of new heterocyclic amine surfactants based on sulfobetaines is proposed. Interfacial activities of the surfactants obtained in aqueous solution were studied by surface tension measurements. The critical micelle concentration, surface excess concentration, minimum area per surfactant molecule, and standard Gibbs energy of adsorption were determined. The adsorpti...

New 3-amino-5-ethenylcyclopentenones, myrothenones A (4) and B (5), were isolated together with known 6-n-pentyl-a-pyrone (1), trichodenone A (2), and cyclonerodiol (3) from the marine algicolous fungus of genus of Myrothecium. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of the new compounds were established by spectral interpretation and X-ray analysis. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited a tyrosinase ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relative risk of being responsible for a fatal crash while driving under the influence of cannabis, the prevalence of such drivers within the driving population, and the corresponding share of fatal crashes. DESIGN Population based case-control study. PARTICIPANTS 10 748 drivers, with known drug and alcohol concentrations, who were involved in fatal crashes in Fra...

Real-time size, mass and number particle concentrations, and emission rates in university laboratories producing nanoparticles by scalable flame spray pyrolysis are quantified. Measurements were conducted in four laboratories using various technological set-ups and during production of particles of a range of compositions with differing physical-chemical properties, from NaCl salt, BiPO(4), CaS...

Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected during the QUEST field campaign at Hyytiälä, a boreal forest site in Southern Finland, during spring 2003. Aerosol samples were selectively collected during both particle formation events and periods in which no particle formation occurred. A comprehensive characterisation of the aerosol chemical properties (water-soluble inorganic and organic frac...

Pharmacokinetic research in China on the use of voriconazole in critically ill adult patients with different pulmonary diseases remains to be explored. This study evaluated the population pharmacokinetics of the use of voriconazole (VRC) in critically ill patients to determine covariate effects on VRC pharmacokinetics by NONMEM, which could further optimize VRC dosing in this population. A one-...