The development of low-cost, reliable sensors will rely on devices capable of converting an analyte binding event to an easily read electrical signal. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal for inexpensive, single-use chemical or biological sensors because of their compatibility with flexible, large-area substrates, simple processing, and highly tunable active layer materials. We have ...

this study investigates the influence of some chemical additives such as methanol, ethanol, sodium oleat, chloroform and sodium hexametaphosphate (shmp) on the dry fine grinding of calcite (x50= 33 µm) using a stirred media mill. the experiments were carried out by a batch operation, and the change in colour properties (ry, whiteness and yellowness) of calcite powder. the results showed that th...

Research efforts have been directed towards constructing a fully automated microcomputer-controlled bench-scale 'batch-type' chemical reactor [1-6]. This fully automated reactor can execute repetitive experiments on an approximately 50 ml scale, providing important chemical reaction data during early stages of process development research programmes. The precision and accuracy of the reagent/so...

This chapter is concerned with the design and operation of devices for the measurement of chemical concentrations in living systems. Whilst the meaning of chemical sensors has been somewhat broadened in recent years, a useful definition from a recent authoritative review [1] is: “chemical sensors are miniaturised analytical devices that can deliver real time and online information on the presen...

Crystalline organic solids are ubiquitous as either final products or as intermediates in the specialty chemical, pharmaceutical, and home & personal care industries. Virtually all small molecular weight drugs are isolated as crystalline materials, and over 90% of all pharmaceutical products are formulated in particulate, generally crystalline form. Crystalline chemical intermediates, such as a...

In this work, we develop model predictive control (MPC) designs, which are capable of optimizing closed-loop performance with respect to general economic considerations for a broad class of nonlinear process systems. Specifically, in the proposed designs, the economic MPC optimizes a cost function, which is related directly to desired economic considerations and is not necessarily dependent on ...

Chemical and biochemical sensors have experienced tremendous growth in the past decade due to advances in material chemistry combined with the emergence of digital communication technologies and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [1]. The emergence of wearable chemical and biochemical sensors is a relatively new concept that poses unique challenges to the field of wearable sensing. This is because...

Biological treatment is a promising alternative to conventional air-pollution control methods, but thus far biotreatment processes for odor control have always required much larger reactor volumes than chemical scrubbers. We converted an existing full-scale chemical scrubber to a biological trickling filter and showed that effective treatment of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the converted scrubber ...

This dissertation deals with the development of computational strategies that enable the implementation of sophisticated first-principles dynamic models in on-line chemical process operations. During the last years, it has been recognized that first-principles models can lead to a tighter integration of the decision-making hierarchy and, consequently, to an increased process performance. The de...

This paper addresses the problem of developing a quantitative measure for the flexibility of a design to withstand uncertainties in the continuous parameters and discrete states. The metric is denoted as the expected stochastic flexibility, E(SF). For a given a linear model, a Joint distribution for the parameters and probabilities of failure for the discrete states, the proposed metric predict...