Increasing pretreatment day temperatures of 20, 30, and 40 C resulted in decreased net photosynthesis in Agropyron smithii (C(3)) while in Bouteloua gracilis (C(4)) net photosynthesis was increased. The effect on photosynthesis of increasing analysis temperatures was the same as observed by increasing pretreatment temperatures. Resistance of the stomata and boundary layer were less affected by ...

Thermo-chemical pre-treatment improves the solubilization of the lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, it could improve biogas production from press mud, the solid residue from sugar cane juice filtration which contains up to 85 % insoluble organic matter. The impact of thermo-alkaline pretreatment conditions (100 o C, Ca(OH)2) on press mud was investigated for different times and concentrations,...

Enzymatic saccharification (Hydrolysis) is one of the technologies to hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, Bangladeshi bagasse is used as feedstock for enzymatic saccharification and ethanol fermentation. Cutter mill and Mechano-chemical treatment (Ball mill) are used for pretreatment. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of substrate concentration, pretrea...

Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol has shown environmental, economic and energetic advantages in comparison to bioethanol produced from sugar or starch. However, the pretreatment process for increasing the enzymatic accessibility and improving the digestibility of cellulose is hindered by many physical-chemical, structural and compositional factors, which make these material...

The response and behavior of bamboo green, timber, and yellow of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) to three pretreatments, sulfite (SPORL), dilute acid (DA), and alkali (NaOH), were investigated and compared with varied chemical loadings at 180°C for 30 min with a 6.25:1 (v/w) liquor-to-bamboo ratio. All the pretreatments improved the enzymatic digestibility of bamboo substrates. Under th...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of NaOCl pretreatment on the biomechanical fixation of implant at the early healing stage of a rat model. Polished titanium cylindrical implants and disks were prepared, and one-half of these samples were dual acidetched. Then, one-half of both surfaces were chemically-cleaned by pretreatment with 5% NaOCl solution for 24 h. Morphological analyses...

Due to the limited availability of wood, as highest quality raw material for production biomass pellets, increasing attention is being paid and use pellets from low-quality materials such different types agricultural waste. However, complex chemical composition these often leads various problems during their combustion. One biggest when it comes burning related low melting temperature resulting...

Biofuel produced from lignocellulosic materials, so-called second generation bioethanol shows energetic, economic and environmental advantages in comparison to bioethanol from starch or sugar. However, physical and chemical barriers caused by the close association of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass, hinder the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars. The m...

The pretreatment of the substrate, prior to Electroless Nickel (EN) plating, plays an important role in the corrosion protection provided by the EN deposit. Many factors in the pretreatment process can affect the corrosion resistance of the EN deposit. The details of mechanical treatment, chemical/elecuo polishing, acid activation, and pre-processing procedure (such as nickel strike) are among ...