in this paper, our focus of attention is the proper propagationof fuzzy degrees in determinization of $nondeterministic$ $fuzzy$$finite$ $tree$ $automata$ (nffta). initially, two determinizationmethods are introduced which have some limitations (one inbehavior preserving and other in type of fuzzy operations). inorder to eliminate these limitations and increasing theefficiency of ffta, we defin...

The impacts of white-rot fungi on altering wood chemistry have been studied mostly in vitro. However, in vivo approaches may enable better assessment of the nature of interactions between saprotrophic fungi and host tree in nature. Hence, decayed and sound wood samples were collected from a naturally infected tree (Carpinus betulus L.). Fruiting bodies of the white rot fungus Trametes versicolo...

In the present study, chemical composition and in situ rumen dry matter degradability (DMD) of some tree species (cherry, apricot and almond tree leaves) were determined. Crude protein (CP) concentration varied from 6.76% for almond tree to 2.76% for cherry tree, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), from 29.2, 20.8% for apricot tree to 20.8 and 15.8% for almond tree lea...

Identifying chemical-disease relations (CDR) from biomedical literature could improve chemical safety and toxicity studies. This paper proposes a Shortest Dependency Path Tree (SDPT) to capture the most direct syntactic and semantic relationship between chemical and disease. Based on SDPT, structured dependency features (SDF), structured phrase features (SPF) and flattened dependency features (...

Predictive graph mining approaches in chemical databases are extremely popular and effective. Most of these approaches first extract frequent sub-graphs and then use them as features to build predictive models. In the work presented here, the approach taken is similar. However, instead of frequent sub-graphs, frequent trees, based on SMILES strings are derived. For this, the SMILES strings of c...

This paper proposes algorithms for inferring a chemical structure from a feature vector based on frequency of labeled paths and small fragments, where this inference problem has a potential application to drug design. In this paper, chemical structures are modeled as trees or tree-like structures. It is shown that the inference problems for these kinds of structures can be solved in polynomial ...

Estimating urban trees growth, especially tree height is very important in urban landscape management. The aim of the study was to predict of tree height base on tree diameter. To achieve this goal, 921 trees from five species were measured in five areas of Mashhad city in 2014. The evaluated trees were ash tree (Fraxinus species), plane tree (Platanus hybrida), white mulberry (Morus alba), ail...

Chemical control of the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, has consistently increased yield of grapefruit on sour orange rootstock in Texas. In this study, data from chemical control tests conducted from 1973 to 1980 were analyzed to determine the relationship between nematode counts and grapefruit yield and fruit size. The correlation between yield and nematode counts was negativ...

In the drug design process, one wants to construct chemical compounds with certain properties. In order to establish the mathematical basis for the connections between molecular structures and physicochemical properties of chemical compounds, some so-called structure-descriptors or ”topological indices” have been put forward. Among them, the Wiener index is one of the most important. A long sta...

A hierarchical classification of chemical scaffolds (molecular framework, which is obtained by pruning all terminal side chains) has been introduced. The molecular frameworks form the leaf nodes in the hierarchy trees. By an iterative removal of rings, scaffolds forming the higher levels in the hierarchy tree are obtained. Prioritization rules ensure that less characteristic, peripheral rings a...