Endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALVE) and the ALVE receptor (TVB*S1) status of six commercial chicken lines supplying specific-pathogen-free eggs were analyzed. All commercial chicken lines are certified free of the avian leukosis virus (ALV) by screening for expression of the p27 protein using the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The commercial chicken lines A, E, and F contained r...

Sindbis virus was adsorbed to chicken cells or to BHK cells, and the distribution of virus over the surface of the cell was examined by electron microscopy of surface replicas. The distribution of virus particles on the cell was used to indicate the position of virus receptors at the cell surface. When purified Sindbis virus was adsorbed at 37 C to cells prefixed with glutaraldehyde, the virus ...

A total of ~38.6 million mortalities occur due to liver cancer annually, worldwide. Although a variety of therapeutic methods are available, the efficacy of treatment at present is extremely limited due to an increased risk of malignancy and inherently poor prognosis of liver cancer. Gene therapy is considered a promising option, and has shown notable potential for the comprehensive therapy of ...

During the 1996 influenza epidemic in Vienna we obtained influenza A virus specimens (Vienna/47/96, Vienna/81/96) which grow efficiently in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells but not in embryonated chicken eggs. Amplification of the specimens in Vero cells resulted in progeny that agglutinated human but not chicken erythrocytes. Reassortment analysis suggested that the haemagglutinin (HA)...

To study the antiviral effects of lamivudine on avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and its inhibitory effect on the growth of fibrosarcomas caused by acute transforming avian leukosis virus, a series of experiments were performed in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures and 1-day-old chickens inoculated with an acutely transforming viral stock Fu-J (SDAU1005). This stock was prepared from an ...

Replication-defective vectors derived from reticuloendotheliosis virus were used to transduce exogenous genes into early somatic stem cells of the chicken embryo. One of these vectors transduced and expressed the chicken growth hormone coding sequence. The helper cell line, C3, was used to generate stocks of vector containing about 10(4) transducing units per ml. Injection of 5- to 20-microlite...

Simple assay systems for infectivity titrations of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chicken embryo trachea organ cultures (OC) were developed using plastic multiplate wells with one tracheal ring per well; these assays appeared to be much more satisfactory than the conventional rolled-tube method. The medium, 0.05 M HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid)-buffered ...

Intestinal samples collected from 43 commercial broiler and 33 commercial turkey flocks from all regions of the United States during 2005 and 2006 were examined for the presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and coronavirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for the presence of groups 1 and 2 adenovirus by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to further char...