Brain tumors are the second most common cancer in children after leukemia and constitute about 20% of all childhood cancers in the United States (1). The annual incidence is approximately 34 pen million children under 15 years of age. The incidence may be rising; the U.S. National Cancer Institute reported an increase in the period 1973-1988 (1). With a 5-year relative survival rate of approxim...

Abstract Introduction Connection of socioeconomic status measures (such as income and education and parental addiction) to childhood leukemia are likely to vary with place and time. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between socioeconomic status and childhood leukemia. Materials and Methods a case- control study conducted on 86 case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia age 0-14 yea...

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the roles of maternal care and overprotection. We also explored how they are combined to develop rumination as well as various childhood traumas and parenting styles as the risk factors for depression.  Methods: This was a retrospective study with a causal-comparative design. In total, 175 students with the ِMean±SD age of 21±2.75 years (age range...

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are persistent and lifelong conditions. Despite this, almost all twin studies focus on childhood. This twin study investigated the stability of autistic traits from childhood to early adulthood and explored the degree to which any stability could be explained by genetic or environmental factors. METHODS Parents of over 2500 twin pairs completed quest...

OBJECTIVE Although it is thought that eating disorders result from the interplay of personal and sociocultural factors, a comprehensive model of eating disorders remains to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the childhood factors and deficit in visuoperceptual ability contribute to eating disorders. METHODS A total of 76 participants - 22 women with ano...

The authors investigated what risk factors contribute to an excess risk of poor adult health among children who experience socioeconomic disadvantage. Data came from 1,037 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972-1973, who were followed from birth to age 32 years (2004-2005). Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) was measured at multiple points between birth and age 15 years. Risk factors ...

Explanations for the trend of increasing childhood obesity have yet to be identified. The authors examined members of the 1958 British birth cohort (age 7 years, n = 8,552) and offspring (ages 4-9 years, n = 1,889) born to mothers under age 30 years to establish whether risk factors for childhood obesity have changed over time (1965-1991). The authors applied multilevel linear and logistic mode...

BACKGROUND Many sub-Saharan countries are confronted with persistently high levels of childhood morbidity and mortality because of the impact of a range of demographic, biological and social factors or situational events that directly precipitate ill health. In particular, under-five morbidity and mortality have increased in recent decades due to childhood diarrhoea, cough and fever. Understand...