background: in india, child malnutrition is mostly the result of high levels of exposure to infection and inappropriate infant and young child feeding and caring practices and has its origins almost entirely during the first 2 to 3 years of life. this study aims in assessing the impact of breast feeding on child development of children at 3 years. methods: about 530 children at 3 years were ass...

Although euphemisms are intended to put a more positive spin on the words they replace, some euphemisms are ineffective. Our study examined the effectiveness of a popular euphemism for persons with disabilities, special needs. Most style guides prescribe against using the euphemism special needs and recommend instead using the non-euphemized term disability; disability advocates argue adamantly...

Children with developmental disabilities often have difficulty with joint attention that can affect more advanced communication skills. This study evaluated the complexity of child engagement behaviors demonstrated by twenty-five pre-intentional children (age 9 to 25 months), who had developmental disabilities and were at risk for being nonspeaking. During free play with their parents, these ch...

Background: Language Development Disorders (LDD) is a common idiopathic impairment in children. Numerous risk factors play a role in the emergence of this disorder.  Objectives: The present study aimed to examine risk factors of LDD in children aged two to five years. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 98 children (aged two to five years) with LDD and 98 children without LDD wer...

AIM To assess self-perceived health of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in comparison with those of parents of non-disabled children. METHODS A total of 350 parents participated in the study: 178 parents of children with ASD (71% response rate) and 172 parents of non-disabled children matched by age, education, and place of living. Parents' self-perceived health was as...

We examined types of disabilities in siblings from a large sample of families of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the impact of another child with a disability on maternal and family well-being. The most frequent disabilities in siblings were attention and hyperactivity (4.6%) and autism spectrum (2.4%) disorders and psychiatric (2.1%) and learning (2.0%) disabili...

The purpose of the present study was to analyze mother-child collaborative play in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) compared to children with Down Syndrome (DS) and typical developing children (TD). Children with ASD are often described as having deficient play skills, particularly in the symbolic domain. Caregivers' involvement in child play activities increases the structural com...

The seven principles of Universal Design, such as ”4. Perceptible Information” and ”5. Tolerance for errors”, are formulated from the design’s or system’s perspective. The principles focus on the qualities of the system or design, not on the value of use, the long time experience and use by many different people. Nor do the principles embrace a cultural and social understanding of the value of ...