A new non-destructive index of absorbance difference (IAD), calculated with different wavelengths as references, near the chlorophyll peak or that for anthocyanin, has been used to determine fruit ripening several species using portable devices such Standard DA-Meter® and Kiwi-Meter®. In this study, first time, application IAD was evaluated on single, intact olives Leccino cultivar, a single ma...

Although picophytoplankton (PP) (0.2-2 µm) are ubiquitous in lakes and oceans, their importance in rivers has rarely been studied. We examined PP assemblages during the ice-free period in five rivers of a temperate region varying in trophic state (9-107 µg/L total phosphorus) and water discharge (1-87 m3/s). In these rivers, PP abundance reached concentrations as high as those observed in lakes...