patient and user choice are at the forefront of the debate on the future direction of health and public services provision in many industrialized countries in europe and elsewhere. it is used both, as a means to achieve desired policy goals in public health care systems such as greater efficiency and improved quality of care, and as a good with its own intrinsic value. however, the evidence sug...

in today’s world, no one can deny the expansion of economic influence in the various aspects of social life and economization of immaterial issues of social life is becoming more obvious every day. the valuation of cultural goods, as one of the most important economic aspects related to arts and culture, is chosen to be considered in this study. the necessity of considering the economic valuati...

the present article deals with the inter specific competition and intra-specific competition among predator populations of a prey-dependent three component food chain model consisting of two competitive predator sharing one prey species as their food. the behaviour of the system near the biologically feasible equilibria is thoroughly analyzed. boundedness and dissipativeness of the system are e...

Several projects investigating genetic function and evolution through sequencing and comparison of multiple genomes are now underway. These projects consume many resources, and appropriate planning should be devoted to choosing which species to sequence, potentially involving cooperation among different sequencing centres. A widely discussed criterion for species choice is the maximisation of e...

Annually, many women become pregnant worldwide; however, pregnancy and childbirth is not a pleasant event for all them. In fact, more than 90% of maternal anxiety could be related to the delivery process. It should be noted that delivery is also a stressful event that sometimes, due to different reasons and in order to avoid its potential hazards which could threaten the lives of mother and bab...

There are two paradigms for the phylogenetic analysis of multi-locus sequence data: one which forces all genes to share the same underlying history, and another that allows genes to follow idiosyncratic patterns of descent from ancestral alleles. The first of these approaches (concatenation) is clearly a simplified model of the actual process of genome evolution while the second (species-tree m...