Background and Objective: Non-specific granulomatous prostatitis is an uncommon diffuse inflammatory condition of the prostate. It is important because it may be mistaken for prostatic carcinoma. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of non-specific granulomatous prostatitis (NSGP) and comparing the results of transrectal ultrasonography, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) ...

objective: measurement of glomerular filtration rate (gfr) is the best determinant in assessment of kidney function for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. as extremely accurate methods of gfr measurement (i.e. inulin clearance) are expensive and time-consuming and due to limitations of the 24 hour urine collection method, some formula have been developed for the gfr measurement. here we have ...

abstract background: consideration of patient autonomy is an essential element in individualized, patient‑centered, ethical care. internal and external factors associated with patient autonomy are related to culture and it is not clear what they are in iran. the aim of this study was to explore contextual factors affecting the autonomy of patients in iranian hospitals. materials and methods: th...

results bw was lower for the 5/6 nx group rats after the operations compared with the bw of those in the sham operation group. furthermore, the 5/6 nx group showed elevations in blood pressure, cr, bun, alt, and ast levels compared with the sham group over the course of time. conclusions in summary, ckd induced by the 5/6 nx model caused hypertension and increased serum levels of cr, bun, alt, ...

conclusions smokers with a higher bp and/or serum ggt may be at a higher risk of developing ckd. the associations of bp and serum ggt with ckd in smokers are not entirely mediated by increased insulin resistance or chronic inflammation caused by smoking. patients and methods renal functions and cvd risk factors were assessed in middle-aged male workers. the patients were comprised of 336 nonsmo...

this study was undertaken to define the prevalence of the upper gastrointestinal (gi) lesions, dyspeptic symptoms, h.pylori infection, and the impact of duration of dialysis on upper gi symptoms and lesions of children with end-stage renal disease. we studied 69 children with esrd who were under regular hemodialysis therapy in our department. the age of the patients were between 4-18 years (mea...

background: resistive inspiratory muscle training (rimt) is a well-known technique for rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). incentive spirometry is another technique with potential viability for this application, but there is limited evidence in support of its efficacy in the rehabilitation of copd patients. aim: the objective of this study was to compar...