We derived crater production functions and chronology functions of Phobos for two scenarios, which likely represent the end-members of its dynamical evolution. Case A assumes that Phobos has been in its current orbit about Mars since its formation. Case B assumes a recent capture of Phobos and the impact history of an average Main Belt Asteroid. We determined the age of an average surface to th...

clearer chronology in the examples might have been preferable – in places examples from the mid-seventeenth century follow examples from the late eighteenth century making it hard to follow how ideas and practices shifted. However, these are minor critiques of a meticulously researched and thoroughly evocative work. Handley closes by pointing out that there is much further work to be done histo...

 Executive summary  What is the chronology of the „underclass‟ debate in the United Kingdom and the United States, from 1880 to the present?  Which individuals and groups have been doing the defining?  Is it basically the same idea that has been invented and re-invented in a linear process?  How and why do these concepts emerge?  What is the impact of these concepts, if any, on policy-mak...

We report the resolution of a long-standing controversy related to the dating of ancient Indian astronomical texts and literature. We show that the Brāhman. as, which are post-Vedic texts, cannot be later than the second millennium B.C. This means that the chronology of the Indian texts is close to the traditional dates. We sketch the stages of the earliest Indian astronomy.

Understanding the timings of interhemispheric climate changes during the Holocene, along with their causes, remains a major problem of climate science. Here, we present a high-resolution 10Be chronology of glacier fluctuations in New Zealand's Southern Alps over the past 7000 years, including at least five events during the last millennium. The extents of glacier advances decreased from the mid...