abstract for evaluation and identification some of the chamomile species in two genera anthemis and matricaria, morphological and phonological characteristics were used. the experiment was conducted in a randomized completely blocks design (rcbd) with three replicates, sixteen quantitative and qualitative traits were evaluated such as plant height, anthodium diameter, receptacle diameter, ligul...

Human Alternative Macrophages Populate Calcified Areas of Atherosclerotic Lesions and Display Impaired RANKL-Induced Osteoclastic Bone Resorption Activity Giulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi, Mehdi Daoudi, Mickael Rosa, Manjula Vinod, Loïc Louvet, Corinne Copin, Mélanie Fanchon, Jonathan Vanhoutte, Bruno Derudas, Loic Belloy, Stephan Haulon, Christophe Zawadzki, Sophie Susen, Ziad A. Massy, Jérôme Eeckho...

The chickpea, a food and medicine used by the people of Xinjiang, has a beneficial hypoglycemic effect. To better utilize this national resource and develop hypoglycemic agents from components of the chickpea, a series of new derivatives of isoflavone compounds from the chickpea were synthesized. An insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cell model was used to screen the hypoglycemic activities of these ...

The demonstration by Hurst and others (1953) of the effectiveness of quinoxaline-1: 4-dioxide and certain of its substituted derivatives against lymphogranuloma inguinale in mice and in developing chick embryos led to a request for the trial of one of the most active of these compounds in human lymphogranuloma. The selected compound was 2: 3 dimethyl quinoxaline-l : 4-dioxide (7218). This paper...

Cell suspension cultures of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were used to prepare protoplasts and vacuoles. The vacuolar preparation revealed only slight contaminations of cytoplasmic marker enzymes. HPLC analysis of the vacuolar extract showed that the malonylglucosides of isoflavones, isoflavanones and pterocarpans are exclusively located in the vacuole. Experi­ ments designed to determine the s...

Crude protein extracts from the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L .) pathogenic fungus Ascochyta rabiei catalyze the N A D PH dependent conversion of the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain to 1) 2'-hydroxyisoflavans, 2) 1 a-hydroxypterocarp-l,4-diene-3-one, and 3) 10,2'dihydroxyisoflav-8-ene-7-one derivatives. A pterocarpan: N A D PH oxidoreductase which cleaves the benzylphenyl ether ...

This paper shows the changes of the volatile compounds from four Astragalus species at three phenological stages: leaf development, flowering and fructification, which might be connected with the plant defense. After GC/MS analyses of Astragalus glycyphyllos L., A. hamosus L., A. cicer L. and A. spruneri Boiss., different groups of volatile compounds were found: hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehyde...

Conservationists often propagate rare species to improve their long-term population viability. However, seed dormancy can make propagation efforts challenging by substantially lowering seed germination. Here I statistically compare several pretreatment options for seeds of Astragalus cicer L.: unscarified controls and scarification via physical damage, hot water, acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Al...

Yuji Hasegawa,1,2 Rudolf Loidl,1,3 Gerald Badurek,1 Katharina Durstberger-Rennhofer,1 Stephan Sponar,1 and Helmut Rauch1,3 1Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Wien, Austria 2PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan 3Institut Laue-Langevin, Boı̂te Postale 156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (Received 4 August 2009; publish...

The effective federal funds rate is determined in a competitive interbank market, while the target federal funds rate represents a policy variable. This paper proposes a theory of the determination of the effective funds rate. According to the main result, the latter is a Lagrange multiplier that vanishes if excess reserves emerge. This is exactly what happened in the United States in September...