The origin of sounds detectable in arteries with serious stenosis is still a questionable matter. To explore the hypothesis that stenosis-induced flow disturbances may be the cause of vascular sounds we numerically simulated the onset of flow oscillations in a vessel with a severe constriction. The model, based on the axi-symmetric Navier-Stokes equations, includes fluid non-linear inertial for...

Flow in planar graphs has been extensively studied, and very efficient algorithms have been developed to compute max-flows, min-cuts, and circulations. Intimate connections between solutions to the planar circulation problem and with "consistent" potential functions in the dual graph are shown. It is also shown that the set of integral circulations in a planar graph very naturally forms a distr...

The main objective of this study is to use Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) intensive observation period (IOP) data to refine a cloudiness parameterization, as proposed by Xu and Randall (1996a). The cloudiness parameterization uses the large-scale average condensate (cloud water and cloud ice) mixing ratio as the primary predictor. The large-scale relative humidity and cumulus mass flux...

We present a systematic numerical study of two-dimensional axisymmetric accretion flows around black holes. The flows have no radiative cooling and are treated in the framework of the hydrodynamical approximation. The models calculated in this study cover the large range of the relevant parameter space. There are four types of flows, determined by the values of the viscosity parameter α and the...

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are vascular structures that provide a direct capillary-free communication between the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The majority of patients have no PAVM-related symptoms, but are at risk of major complications that can be prevented by appropriate interventions. More than 90% of PAVMs occur as part of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (...

We assessed the roles of the pulmonary and bronchial circulations as potential heat sources to the pulmonary airways during respiratory heat loss, by observing the changes in airstream temperature that accompanied temporary occlusion of the pulmonary or bronchial circulations. Baseline end-expiratory and end-inspiratory airstream temperatures were 35.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SEM) and 30.9 +/- 0.3 d...