We introduce and formally define polynomial commitment schemes, and provide two efficientconstructions. A polynomial commitment scheme allows a committer to commit to a polynomialwith a short string that can be used by a verifier to confirm claimed evaluations of the committedpolynomial. Although the homomorphic commitment schemes in the literature can be used toachieve this goa...

On the truthmaker view of ontological commitment [Heil (From an ontological point of view, 2003); Armstrong (Truth and truthmakers, 2004); Cameron (Philosophical Studies, 2008)], a theory is committed to the entities needed in the world for the theory to be made true. I argue that this view puts truthmaking to the wrong task. None of the leading accounts of truthmaking—via necessitation, superv...

The civic integrationist turn usually refers to the stricter requirements for residence and citizenship that many states have implemented since the late 1990's. But what of other policy spheres that are essential for the formation of citizens? Is there a civic turn in school policy? And does it follow the pattern of residence and citizenship? This article addresses these questions through a com...

While much has been written and empirically researched about leadership style, little effort has been made to make out what constitutes successful and effective leadership for university teachers of Pakistan. Paternalistic leadership is a promising body of research that has been tailored to the Pakistani context in this study. The research focuses on the impact of two most important dimensions ...

This paper discusses the shifting relationships between civic organizations and the state in contemporary Russia. Drawing on a case study of the provincial city of Tver, the paper explores how local activists and authorities interpret citizenship and draw the state-society boundaries at the juncture between the Socialist past and the capitalism of today. The paper argues that the authorities ad...

In the wake of ‘end ideology’ predictions late twentieth century, nationalist ideologies and discourses have proven strikingly resilient, as authoritarian regimes relying on nationalism for their legitimacy power. Meanwhile, so-called liberal political philosophers theorists who claim commitments to rights justice make arguments that invigorate subjectivities at expense rule law. This essay exp...

The Scottish Curriculum for Excellence lists ‘responsible citizenship’ as one of the four capacities which it envisages that all children and young people should develop. By understanding citizenship as a capacity and by seeing it as a concern that should permeate the whole curriculum, the Scottish approach to education for citizenship is distinctly different from approaches developed in many o...

There is strong theoretical support for organizational commitment impact on in-role behaviors and organizational citizenship behavior performance. However, previous studies did not attain consistent conclusions with respect to the influence of organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior. The purpose of the study is to adopt the three components of organizational commitment ...