Citric acid was produced with free and k-carrageenan-entrapped cells of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in single and repeated batch-shake-flask fermentations on glycerol-based media. Simultaneous solubilization of hydroxyapatite of animal bone origin (HABO) was tested in all experiments. The highest citric acid production by free yeast cells of 20.4 g/L and 18.7 g/L was reached after 96 h of fer...

Several bioassays were conducted with young chicks and pigs fed phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. With diets for chicks containing .62% Ca and .42% P (.10% available P), graded doses of a citric acid + sodium citrate (1:1, wt:wt) mixture (0, 1, 2, 4, or 6% of diet) resulted in linear (P < .01) increases in both weight gain and tibia ash. Relative to chicks fed no citric acid, ti...

In 1947 we (1) described a microcolorimetric method, with a range of sensitivity from 10 to 60 y, for the determination of citric acid in small samples of blood and urine. This method was based on the conversion of citric acid to pentabromoacetone and on the subsequent reaction between pentabromoacetone and alcoholic sodium iodide with the development of a yellow color complex. Hydrazine sulfat...

In 1947 we (1) described a microcolorimetric method, with a range of sensitivity from 10 to 60 y, for the determination of citric acid in small samples of blood and urine. This method was based on the conversion of citric acid to pentabromoacetone and on the subsequent reaction between pentabromoacetone and alcoholic sodium iodide with the development of a yellow color complex. Hydrazine sulfat...

The postharvest life of cut Eustoma grandiflorum flowers is limited in open flowers. Therefore a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with ascorbic acid (AsA) at 4 levels (0, 100, 200, 300mg L-1) and citric acid (CA) at 3 levels (0, 100, 200 mg L-1) with 3 replications and 3 samples for each replications, was conducted for this purpose. Results indicated that a significa...

The “citric acid cycle” hypothesis of carbohydrate oxidation has stimulated an interest in the general relationship of citric acid to carbohydrate metabolism. Krebs and Johnson (1937, a) and Krebs (1937) have presented evidence which they believe demonstrates that a catalytic system composed of certain dicarboxylic acids and citric acid “outlines the principal pathway of the oxidative breakdown...

Citric acid has been reported to increase utilization efficiency of dietary phytate-bound phosphorus and protein. Objective of this study was to determine the effects of citric acid on growth performance and nutrient retention of broiler chickens fed diets having two levels of non-phytate phosphorus and rice bran. Giving a completely randomize design in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 144 broi...

Formation of silver citrate/citric acid complexed solutions was investigated. Although, silver citrate is minimally soluble in water, it can successfully be dissolved in citric acid solutions. The maximum concentration of Ag(I) in solution is estimated at 23 to 25 g/L if the concentration of citric acid is at least 4 mol/L or higher. The dissolution of silver citrate in citric acid solutions wa...

The aging population experiences more gingival recession and root exposure which increases the opportunity for dentin erosion. This study tested the use of transverse microradiography (TMR) methods to assess dentin erosion and the interaction between fluoride and citric acid on the amount of erosion in the dentin samples. In a 4 × 3 interaction experimental design, four fluoride concentrations ...

citric acid has been reported to increase utilization efficiency of dietary phytate-bound phosphorus and protein. objective of this study was to determine the effects of citric acid on growth performance and nutrient retention of broiler chickens fed diets having two levels of non-phytate phosphorus and rice bran. giving a completely randomize design in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 144 broi...