One of the most important diseases that affect sweet orange orchards in Brazil is the Citrus Black Spot that is caused by the fungus Guignardia citricarpa. This disease causes irreparable losses due to the premature falling of fruit, as well as its severe effects on the epidermis of ripe fruit that renders them unacceptable at the fresh fruit markets. Despite the fact that the fungus and the di...

Professor Hume was right: rootstocks are critical and much is still to be learned. Rootstocks and scions are the foundation of many tree fruit industries of the world. Together, those components establish profitability, but it can be argued that the rootstock is the critical component; otherwise, scions would be grown on their own roots everywhere. There is no precedent for the failure of a cit...

asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama, is an important pest of citrus that transmits the bacterial pathogens responsible for citrus greening disease, also called huanglongbing. the aim of the current study was to investigate the shape variations of the forewing among the iranian geographic populations of d. citri, as well as one population from pakistan. the adult psyllids used in thi...

tristeza caused by citrus tristeza virus (ctv), is the most important viral disease of citrus worldwide. serious damages of the disease have been reported from many citrus growing areas of the world. ctv particles are restricted to phloem and are transmitted by aphids in a semipersistent manner. ctv was introduced from japan to mahdasht orchards in mazadaran province in 1969. its natural spread...

Natural enemies have been the key factor for regulation of citrus leafminer populations, Phyllocnistis citrella, since its introduction in Spain 1993. The use various broad-spectrum insecticides has banned recent years. This led to an increase abundance and importance complex generalist predators that inhabit canopy. In this work, we hypothesize incidence P. citrella impact natural would change...

Objective: Importance of management of gardens weeds is an issue that unfortunately has less been investigated by weeds researchers of country. One of the most important restrictive agents of cultivated surface and producing crops of Citrus orchards are weeds. Methods: To achieve this purpose, a research was performed in plot of Valencia orange trees of citrus fruits of Dezful in 2013. This pro...