During violent conflict, governments may acknowledge their use of illegitimate violence (e.g., noncombatant casualties) even though such can depress civilian support. Why would they do so? We model the strategic incentives affecting government disclosures in face potential NGO investigations, where disclosures, and support are endogenous. highlight implications for analysis conflict data genera...

BACKGROUND Civilian populations now comprise the majority of casualties in modern warfare, but effects of war exposure on alcohol disorders in the general population are largely unexplored. Accumulating literature indicates that adverse experiences early in life sensitize individuals to increased alcohol problems after adult stressful experiences. However, child and adult stressful experiences ...

BACKGROUND Severe traumatic brain injuries occurring in the context of modern military conflict are entities about which little has been reported. We reviewed the epidemiology of these injuries from the Joint Trauma Theater Registry (JTTR), contrasting these results with civilian counterparts from the National Trauma Databank (NTDB). METHODS Isolated severe brain injuries (defined as head abb...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the anatomic distribution and associated mortality of combat-related vascular injuries comparing them to a contemporary civilian standard. DESIGN The Joint Trauma Theater Registry (JTTR) was queried to identify patients with major compressible arterial injury (CAI) and noncompressible arterial injury (NCAI) sites, and their outcomes, among ca...

The Second Republic of Austria was established after the World War. As a former part Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and subsequently Nazi Germany, its history is strongly shaped by two world wars deaths millions people. handling human remains graves victims National Socialist terror, members armed forces nations participating in as well civilian casualties that are located on today’s federal territo...

We congratulate Somer et al for this interesting and important research. 1 During the 34 days of fighting of the Second Lebanon War II (12 July to 14 August 2006), civilians in Israel's northern region suffered a bombardment of approximately 4,000 rockets. On average, daily attacks were around 120 rockets struck daily. The rockets attacks resulted in 2,774 anxiety and acute stress reaction casu...

Abstract This study attempts to bridge the gap in empirical and philosophical research on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), through a survey of attitudes using experimental methods. “LAWS” refer “fully weapons” that can set attack targets without human involvement are lethal. Based previous research, we conducted randomized controlled experiment create, present, collect responses scenar...

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues to have a devastating social and economic impact on the country. Civilian casualties are mounting, over third population has been displaced, access basic needs such as electricity, water, heating at risk while winter is coming. Macroeconomic management exceedingly difficult. The fiscal deficit ballooned accommodate large expansion defense spending, finance...

BACKGROUND Besides care for injured US military personnel, doctrine also requires life-, limb-, and eyesight-saving care to all injured casualties, including children. This study's objective was to evaluate the burden and epidemiology of pediatric medical care during the past decade of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. METHODS Retrospective review of two military registries of all ...