Haplotype variation in 9.7 kb of genomic DNA sequence from the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene was scored in three populations: African-Americans from Jackson, Mississippi (24 individuals), Finns from North Karelia, Finland (24), and non-Hispanic whites from Rochester, Minnesota (23). Earlier analyses had indicated that recombination was common but concentrated into a hotspot and that recur...

In the plant subclass Asteridae, bilaterally symmetrical flowers have evolved from a radially symmetrical ancestral phenotype on at least three independent occasions: in the Boraginaceae, Solanaceae, and Lamiales. Development of bilateral flower symmetry has been shown to be determined by the early-acting cycloidea (cyc) and dichotoma (dich) genes in Antirrhinum, a member of the Lamiales. cyc a...

of randomly distributed fossil horizons. Paleobiology 20:459–469. MAXWELL, W. D., AND M. J. BENTON. 1990. Historical tests of the absolute completeness of the fossil record of tetrapods. Paleobiology 16:322–335. NORELL, M. A., AND M. J. NOVACEK. 1992a. Congruence between superpositional and phylogenetic patterns: Comparing cladistic patterns with fossil records. Cladistics 8:319–337. NORELL, M....

Phylogenetic studies are rare in early Palaeozoic cephalopods. Here, we present the first cladistic analysis of order Lituitida based on published, as well some new, material. Three clades recovered within ingroup lituitids, Sinoceras, Ancistroceras and Lituites; former two groups correspond to family Sinoceratidae, latter one Lituitidae. The topology shows that Sinoceratidae represents basal b...

The systematics of all known extant and fossil taxa the mayfly family Baetiscidae is reviewed. Previously described are critically reviewed their systematic position re-evaluated. Added herein description Balticobaetisca bispinata sp. nov. , a new from Eocene Baltic Amber. Also for first time putative adult Protobaetisca bechlyi Staniczek, 2007 Cretaceous Crato Formation Brazil. Based on extern...

Because free amino acids were most probably available in primitive abiotic environments, their metabolism is likely to have provided some of the very first metabolic pathways of life. What were the first enzymatic reactions to emerge? A cladistic analysis of metabolic pathways of the 16 aliphatic amino acids and 2 portions of the Krebs cycle was performed using four criteria of homology. The an...