Due to its primary fixation purpose antibiotic loaded bone cement (ALBC) has been classified as a class III medical device according to the CE standard for the fixation of primary or revision implants. Because of the high initial release of local antibiotics into the joint cavity, ALBC has also been successfully used for decades for prophylactic reasons aimed at prevention of bacterial colonisa...

This viewpoint review provides an integrative picture of seemingly contradictory work published on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) autoantibodies (AB). Based on the present state of knowledge, it gives recommendations for the clinical decision process regarding immunosuppressive treatment. Brain antigen-directed AB in general and NMDAR1-AB in particular belong to a preexisting autoimmu...

HLA class I ligation on graft endothelial cells (EC) has been shown to promote graft arteriosclerosis and chronic allograft nephropathy. This study investigated transcriptional and functional changes mediated by anti-HLA antibodies (Ab), developed by transplant recipient, on vascular renal EC. For mimicking interactions that occur between alloantibodies and graft endothelium, HLA-typed primary ...

A major objective in vaccine development is the design of reagents that give strong, specific T cell responses. We have constructed a series of rAb with specificity for MHC class II (I-E). Each has one of four different class II-restricted T cell epitopes genetically introduced into the first C domain of the H chain. These four epitopes are: 91-101 lambda2(315), which is presented by I-E(d); 11...

The BCR V region has been implicated as a potential avenue of T cell help for autoreactive B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. In principle, either germline-encoded or somatically generated sequences could function as targets of such help. Preceding studies have indicated that class II MHC-restricted T cells in normal mice attain a state tolerance to germline-encoded Ab diversity. In this ...

Vaccination to generate protective humoral immunity against infectious disease is becoming increasingly important due to emerging strains of virus, poorly immunogenic vaccines, and the threat of bioterrorism. We demonstrate that cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is crucial for optimal Ab responses to a model vaccine, human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles (HPV 16 VLPs). Cox-2-deficient mice p...

Antibody (Ab) localization to Raji B-cell lymphoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice was investigated using three Abs: anti-CD20; anti-CD147; and anti-MHC class II. These antigens are all high-density cell surface antigens, and the Abs are all considered to be slowly internalized and catabolized, with catabolism primarily due to the basal turnover rate of cell surface co...

• Let X=R with orthonormal basis (e1, e2) and consider the set of concepts defined by the area inside a right triangle ABC with two sides parallel to the axes, with −−→ AB/AB = e1 and −→ AC/AC = e2, and AB/AC = α for some positive real α ∈ R+. Show, using similar methods to those used in the lecture slides for the axis-aligned rectangles, that this class can be (ǫ, δ)PAC-learned from training d...

Evolutionary studies necessary to dissect diverse biological processes have been limited by the lack of reverse genetic approaches in most organisms with sequenced genomes. We established a broadly applicable strategy using zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) for targeted disruption of endogenous genes and cis-acting regulatory elements in d...

The Y-Ae mAb and the 1H3.1 alphabeta T cell antigen receptor (TCR) are both specific for the I-Ealpha52-68 peptide bound to the I-A(b) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from I-A(b+) mice with a natural or transgenic (Tg) I-Ealpha chain activate mature 1H3.1 T cells and cause the deletion of 1H3.1 TCR Tg thymocytes. However, 1H3.1 T cells w...