It has been 100 years since Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in the tissues of the gundi (Ctenodoactylus gundi) and in Brazil by Splendore (1908) in the tissues of a rabbit. Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, Apicomplexan parasite of warm-blooded animals that can cause several clinical syndromes including encephalitis, chorioretinitis, congenital...

Given the remarkable advances that have occurred in clinical airway management in recent years it is only natural for clinicians to wonder how airway management was carried out in distant times. It turns out that the art of clinical airway management is as old as medicine itself. For instance, there is evidence that the tracheotomy operation was portrayed on Egyptian tablets dating back to 3,60...

In 1958, Dr. Denis P. Burkitt reported on a series of 32 children presenting with large malignant tumors of the jaw at Mulago Hospital in Uganda and six other district hospitals. The syndrome was notable for starting in the mandible and often spreading to other jaw quadrants, as well as to the adrenals, kidneys, and liver. No involvement of spleen or lymph nodes was detected in these initial 38...

James H. Thrall, MD Teleradiology—the ability to obtain images in one location, transmit them over a distance, and view them remotely for diagnostic or consultative purposes—has been explored for nearly 50 years and is part of the more encompassing concept of “telemedicine”—the delivery of health care services over a distance. Major advances in telecommunications and computer systems and advanc...

In 1971 president Richard Nixon declared a war on cancer and announced his goal to cure cancer by 1976, the bicentennial year. Thirty nine years and more than 100 billion dollars later, the cumulative adult death rate from cancer adjusted for the size and age of the population has improved by less than 5% [1]. In comparison, the death rate for heart disease over this time period has improved by...

Clinical holistic medicine has its roots in the medicine and tradition of Hippocrates. Modern epidemiological research in quality of life, the emerging science of complementary and alternative medicine, the tradition of psychodynamic therapy, and the tradition of bodywork are merging into a new scientific way of treating patients. This approach seems able to help every second patient with physi...

H transplantation came to be a clinical discipline can be pieced together by perusing two volumes at reminiscences collected by PaulL Terasaki in 19911992 from many of the persons who were directly involved. One volume was devoted to the discovery of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with particular reference to the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are widely used today for tissue ...

(Pp. xi + 154; pls. 23. 27s. 6d.) Edinburgh and London: E. & S. Livingstone, 1961. THIS book gives a brief and useful account of the historical development of clinical pathology. The author, like many others, has found himself in some difficulty in attempting to define the extent of what is called "clinical pathology." This branch of medicine is a child of many adoptions and embraces microscopy...

Family history information is an important part of understanding a patient's total health, and it is spread in text throughout the clinical record; mostly untagged and often very unstructured. We have performed a syntactic analysis of family history in 1274 sample clinical texts and created an algorithm to extract specific family history information. Using the Stanford NLP Parser, we created pa...

Presented here is a 40-year review of Del Mar Avionics’ Medical Systems Division, highlighting the company’s clinical application teamwork with members of the International Society of Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology and other cardiologists worldwide to develop and apply its novel long-term clinical ambulatory heart monitoring instrumentation for reporting and managing abnormal rhythm a...