Basic methodological approaches were formulated for determining the permissible levels of carcinogens in man's environment on the basis of current experimental oncological data dealing with the interaction of the organism and carcinogenic compounds. The tumor is proposed as a specific index of the harmfulness criterion of carcinogenic action. Under these conditions, both the frequency and the d...

A study of the effect of acetamide as an accelerator of the reaction between free bilirubin and diazotized sulfanilic acid (DSA) has led to its use in a method for serum bilirubin which is simple, sensitive, linear over a wide range, and which requires neither excessive dilution nor protein precipitation. The conditions necessary for greatest sensitivity and for linearity have been established ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Much clinical knowledge about multiple sclerosis (MS) has been gained from patients who attend MS specialty clinics. However, there is limited information about whether these patients are representative of the wider MS population. The objective of this study was to compare incident MS cases who were MS clinic users to non-users of the specialty MS clinics in British Colum...

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on placing patients at the center of health care research and evaluating clinical care in order to improve their experience and ensure that research is both robust and of maximum value for the use of medicinal products, therapy, or health services. This paper provides an overview of patients' involvement in clinical research and service evaluat...

Ethical oversight of clinical research is one of the primary means of ensuring that human subjects are protected from the natural bias of researchers and research institutions in favor of experimentation. At a minimum, effective oversight should ensure that risks are minimized and reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, protect vulnerable subjects from potential coercion or undue influe...

There are 300 known Saussurea species. Among them, Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) is a representative perennial herb, globally distributed across Himalaya region. S. lappa has been traditionally used in medicines without obvious adverse effects. Despite significant progress in phytochemical and biological analyses of S. lappa over the past few years, inclusive and critical reviews of this plant are...

This paper reports the efficacy results of the randomized, placebo-controlled, field trial of SPf66 malaria vaccine in Costa Marques, Rondonia, Brazil. This region is characterized by the seasonal distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections, and the recent occupation by migrants from nonendemic areas. A total of 800 individuals of both sexes, ranging in age from seven to 60 ye...

Laparoscopic sterilizations can be safely performed using room air insufflation. In a series of 400 procedures, the rates of surgical complications were comparable to other laparoscopy studies in which high-pressure gas was used. The purported problems associated with room air insufflation were not encountered in this study.

The purpose of this study was to provide revised estimates of the effectiveness of the Yuzpe method of emergency contraception. Through a literature search, we identified eight studies that present the number of women treated and outcome of treatment by cycle day of unprotected intercourse relative to expected day of ovulation. Using five sets of external estimates of conception probabilities b...

• Research method originated in clinical medicine (the case history, i.e. the patient’s personal history (idiographic method) • Description of the symptoms, the diagnosis, the treatment and eventual outcome (descriptive method) but also in newer research explanatory case studies • Uses the person’s own memories, the memories of friends and relatives, or records of various types such as diaries,...