Whole-genome sequencing was used to determine whether the reductions in recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection observed with fidaxomicin in pivotal phase 3 trials occurred by preventing relapse of the same infection, by preventing reinfection with a new strain, or by preventing both outcomes. Paired isolates of C. difficile were available from 93 of 199 participants with recurrences (28 ...

We evaluated incidence, case-fatality rate, and trends of community-associated (CA) and healthcare-associated (HA) Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) in Finland during 2008-2013. CDIs were identified in the National Infectious Disease Register, deaths in the National Population Information System, hospitalizations to classify infections as CA or HA in the National Hospital Discharge Regist...

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a potentially fatal illness with an increasing incidence worldwide. Despite extensive ongoing research into CDI treatment, management of CDI still poses important problems, such as a high propensity to relapse and refractoriness to treatment, especially when there is an ileus and oral drugs cannot be administered. This guideline evaluates the available l...

BACKGROUND  Clostridium difficile causes diarrhea that ranges from a benign, self-limiting antibiotic use-associated disease to a life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis. Clostridium difficile has rarely been isolated in extraintestinal infections. Our objective was to characterize clinical features and risk factors of these infections. METHODS Extraintestinal C. difficile infections (CDIs) w...

clostridium difficile is a frequently identified cause of nosocomial gastrointestinal disease. it has been proved to be a causative agent in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated colitis, and pseudomembraneous colitis. this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of c.difficile- associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients with nosocomial diarrhea. the 942 hospitalized patie...

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) are the most frequent cause of diarrhoea in hospitals. Geriatric patients are more often affected by the condition, by a relapse and complications. Therefore, a crucial question is how often colonization with toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains occurs in elderly patients without diarrhoea and whether there is a "risk pattern" of colonized pa...

We compared two commercial PCR assays, the Prodesse ProGastro CD assay and the BD GeneOhm Cdiff assay, with a laboratory-developed Clostridium difficile toxin PCR assay with previously established performance characteristics. Results of all methods were in agreement for 333 (96%) of 346 stool specimens. No significant difference in performance among the assays was found (P values, >0.05).

Severe and severe complicated Clostridium difficile infections (SCDI/SCCDI) were retrospectively assessed in a pediatric cohort. Underlying medical conditions and concomitant medical therapy preclude accurate classification of children with SCDI/SCCDI, using current CDI severity definitions. Revised CDI definitions in children should focus on more objective, age-appropriate, and CDI-specific ma...

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly recognized as an emerging healthcare problem of elevated importance. Prevention and treatment strategies are constantly evolving along with the apperance of new scientific evidence and novel treatment methods, which is well-reflected in the differences among consecutive international guidelines. In this article, we summarize and compare curr...

The reactivity of a commercial latex test with thirty-three species of bacteria was tested. Toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile gave a positive result in the CD D-1 latex test. Cross-reactions were also given by C. putrificum, C. sporogenes and proteolytic C. botulinum.