An unexpected role for the classical complement cascade in the elimination of central nervous system (CNS) synapses has recently been discovered. Complement proteins are localized to developing CNS synapses during periods of active synapse elimination and are required for normal brain wiring. The function of complement proteins in the brain appears analogous to their function in the immune syst...

Neural transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases and other disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as Parkinson and Huntington diseases, multiple sclerosis or stroke. Although cell replacement therapy already went through clinical trials for some of these diseases using fetal human neuroblasts, several significant limitations led to the search...

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by protein aggregates and inflammation as well as oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple biological processes are linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as depletion or insufficient synthesis of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, abnormal ubiquitination. Furthermore, damaging of blood brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS also l...

The data related to the distribution of other focal infections in central nervous system (CNS) infection patients is inconsistent in medical literature. Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI) has been carrying on multicenter and multinational studies since 2008 and provided bulk of information on pneumococcal meningitis, brucellar meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, and ...

Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) involve inflammatory components and result in neurodegenerative processes. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS, are the first responders after insults to the CNS and comprise a major link between the inflammation and neurodegeneration. Here, we will focus on the roles of microglia in two autoimmune diseases: the prevalent condit...

The cellular form of the prion protein (PrP(C)) is a sialoglycoprotein widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammalian species during neurodevelopment and in adulthood. The location of the protein in the CNS may play a role in the susceptibility of a species to fatal prion diseases, which are also known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). To date, little i...

Complement is an important component of both the innate and adaptive immune response that contributes to host defense in a variety of mechanisms, including inflammation, phagocytosis and cell lysis. Complement proteins are produced by all cell types in the CNS, and the same effector functions that protect the host from pathogens can mediate inflammation and tissue destruction in CNS diseases, l...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released by multiple cells, encapsulated lipid bilayers and containing a variety of biological materials, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids metabolites. With the advancement separation characterization methods, EV subtypes their complex diverse functions have been recognized. In central nervous system (CNS), EVs involved in various physiologica...

Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a significant contribution to the protection of central nervous system (CNS). However, it also limits brain drug delivery and thereby complicates treatment CNS diseases. development safe methods for an effective medications nanocarriers can be revolutionary step in overcoming this limitation. Here, we report unique properties lymphatic deliver tracers ...

Central nervous system (CNS) restoration is an important clinical challenge and stem cell transplantation has been considered a promising therapeutic option for many neurological diseases. Objective: The present review aims to briefly describe stem cell biology, as well as to outline the clinical application of stem cells in the treatment of diseases of the CNS. Method: Literature review of ani...