Emission trading in the EU will begin in 2005, covering the least uncertain emission sources of greenhouse gas emission inventories (CO2 from combustion and from selected industrial processes in large installations). If the Kyoto Protocol enters into force, the emission trading covering all gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) and sectors (energy, industry, agriculture, waste, land use, la...

When regulating GHG emissions at the country or product level, it is critical to determine the GHG emissions from electricity consumption. In this study, we calculated production-based and consumptionbased CO2 emission intensities of electricity for the OECD (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries during 1990e2008. We examined the impact of annual development, all...

This paper evaluates the influence of the main constituents of flue gases from coal combustion (CO2, O2, N2 and water vapor), in air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions on the re-emission of Hg(0) in wet scrubbers. It was observed that the concentration of water vapor does not affect the re-emission of mercury, whereas O2 and CO2 have a notable influence. High concentrations of O2 in the flue ga...

The use of analogies and repeated feedback might help people learn about the dynamics of climate change. In this paper, we study the influence of repeated feedback on the control of a carbon-dioxide (CO2) concentration to a goal level in a Dynamic Climate Change Simulator (DCCS) using the “bathtub” analogy. DCCS is a simplification of the complex climate system into its essential elements: CO2 ...

Input-output modeling and multiplier analysis are used to assess Taiwan's five petrochemical industries, based upon their economic contribution and potential impacts on energy consumption and CO2 emission. In addition, a consolidated index system was developed for evaluating energy and economic efficiencies as well as targets for CO2 reduction. Results indicate that petrochemical materials (PM)...

introduction: the latest report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc) states that future emissions of greenhouse gases (ghgs) will continue to increase and cause climatic change (16). these conditions are also true for iran. the three greenhouse gases associated with agriculture are carbon dioxide (co2), methane (ch4), and nitrous oxide (n2o). the three ghgs associated with ag...

The Los Angeles megacity, which is home to more than 40% of the population in California, is the second largest megacity in the United States and an intense source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Quantifying GHG emissions from the megacity and monitoring their spatiotemporal trends are essential to be able to understand the effectiveness of emission control policies. Here we measure c...

Based on a uniquely dense network of surface towers measuring continuously the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), we developed the first comprehensive monitoring systems of CO2 emissions at high resolution over the city of Indianapolis. The urban inversion evaluated over the 2012–2013 dormant season showed a statistically significant increase of about 20% (from 4.5 to 5.7 Mt...

The authors propose a solar cooling system employing a steam-driven triple effect absorption chiller as a new technique for saving CO2 emission in the air conditioning field. The absorption chiller is a cooling machine using thermal energy as a drive source, and it is ideal for utilizing solar heat. In addition, by employing a triple effect absorption chiller of high efficiency, a high energy s...