BACKGROUND KRAS mutation status in codons 12 and 13 is recognized as a predictive factor for resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Despite having a wild type KRAS (wt-KRAS), not all patients with wt-KRAS respond to anti-EGFR antibody treatment. Additional mechanisms of resistance may activate mutations of the other main EGFR effectors pathway. Consequently, other molecular markers in c...

AIM The aim of the current investigation was to examine the profile of Kras mutations accompanied with MSI (microsattelite instability) status in polyps and colorectal carcinoma tissues in an Iranian population. BACKGROUND Kras mutations in colorectal cancer cause resistance to anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). So it can be considered as a true indicator of EGFR pathway activation...

flaviviridae are viruses that cause several diseases including dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, west nile encephalitis, yellow fever and hepatitis c virus infection. members of this family have monopartite, linear, single-stranded rna genomes of positive polarity, 9.6-12.3 kb in length. here, we have analyzed the codon usage of 13 species...

PURPOSE Signet ring cell colorectal carcinoma (SRCCC) represents a unique, infrequent, and highly malignant variant of colorectal cancer. To understand the pathogenesis of SRCCC, we investigated its molecular abnormalities and compared them with those of the usual type of colorectal adenocarcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Microdissected archival paraffin-embedded tissue from 16 SRCCCs and 27 non-...