Serum cortisol level was measured by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using the enzyme penicillinase as a label without prior extraction and purification. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against cortisol-3-ortho-carboxymethyl-oxime (cortisol-3-0-CMO) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). This antibody showed a very low cross-reactivity with structurally related steroids (3.7% for corticos...

The relative variabilities (coefficient of variation (CV)) of 10 different mechanical properties of compact bone were determined from 2166 measurements. All measures of variability were made on a minimum of four specimens from any bone. Three pre-yield properties had a CV of about 12%. Six post-yield properties had CVs varying from 24 to 46%. Pre-yield properties increase as a function of miner...

BACKGROUND Current literature examining associations between vitamin D and chronic disease generally use a single assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], assuming the 25(OH)D concentration of an individual is consistent over time. METHODS We investigated the intraindividual variability between two measures of plasma 25(OH)D concentrations collected approximately five years apart (1997-20...

There are some situations when the process mean fluctuates from time to but is still considered as in-control and standard deviation a linear function of mean. In addition, in cases, variance actually dependent on each other. these situations, many researchers have suggested monitor CV (Coefficient Variation) single statistic. this paper, rigorous content analysis method (based 71 related studi...

The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effects of unsteady glottal flow on the phonation. We numerically simulate the speech production process within the larynx and the vocal tract based on our proposed glottal sound source model. The simulation shows amplitude and waveform fluctuations in pressure within the larynx caused by unsteady fluid motion. In order to investigate the unste...

Little is known about the properties of monosynaptic connections between identified neurons in vivo. We made multiple (two to four) two-photon targeted whole-cell recordings from neighboring layer 2 mouse somatosensory barrel cortex pyramidal neurons in vivo to investigate excitatory monosynaptic transmission in the hyperpolarized downstate. We report that pyramidal neurons form a sparsely conn...

INTRODUCTION We quantified submaximal torque regulation during low to moderate intensity isometric hip flexion contractions in individuals with stroke and the associations with leg function. METHODS Ten participants with chronic stroke and 10 controls performed isometric hip flexion contractions at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in paretic, nonparetic, and c...

BACKGROUND It is presently unclear whether glycemic variability (GV) is associated with baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), which is an early indicator of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The present study is the first to examine the relationships between BRS and GV measured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). METHODS This was a multicenter, prospective, open-label clinical trial. A tota...

BACKGROUND Thoughtful use of assessment tools to monitor disease requires an understanding of clinimetric properties. These properties are often under-reported and, thus, potentially overlooked in the clinic. This study aimed to determine the minimal detectable change (MDC) and coefficient of variation per cent (CV%) for tools commonly used to assess the symptomatic and functional severity of k...

A method for predicting the interindividual variability of human exposure for CYP3A4 substrates using Monte Carlo simulation was developed based on relevant factors. The coefficient of variation (CV) values for CYP3A4 content in human liver microsomes, hepatic blood flow, liver volume and body weight, and the unbound blood fraction were collected from the published literature. The parallel tube...