Virtual teams have been adopted by organizations to gain competitive advantages in this global economy. Virtual teams are a ubiquitous part of getting work done in almost every organization. For the purpose of building virtual teams in collaborative process planning, the method based on improved ant colony algorithm (IMACO) was proposed. The concept of virtual team was illustrated and the neces...

In multiagent planning, an agent sometimes needs to collaborate with others to construct complex plans, or to accomplish large organizational tasks which it cannot do alone. Since each agent in a group may have incorrect beliefs about the world and incomplete knowledge, and because agent's abilities differ, constructing a coordinated collaborative plan among agents is a difficult proposition. I...

In horizontal collaborations, carriers form coalitions in order to perform parts of their logistics operations jointly. By exchanging transportation requests among each other, they can operate more efficiently and in a more sustainable way. Collaborative vehicle routing has been extensively discussed in the literature. We identify three major streams of research: (i) centralized collaborative p...

This study examines the formation and change of collaborative learning social networks in a distributed learning community. A social network perspective is employed to understand how collaborative networks evolved over time when 31 distributed learners collaborated on a design project using a computer-mediated communication system during two semesters. Special attention was paid to how pre-exis...

introduction: collaborative testing is a learning strategy that provides students with the opportunity to learn and practice collaboration. this study aimed to determine the effect of collaborative testing on test performance and retention of course content in nursing students of shiraz university of medical sciences, shiraz, iran. methods: this quasi-experimental study was carried out on 84 st...

Reactive planning, consisting of pre-deened sensor-action rules, is well suited to eeectively respond to dynamic changes in real-time environments. However , it is in general challenging to strategically reason about long or short-term objectives using reac-tive planning. Therefore, ideally, deliberative and reactive planning should be integrated. In this paper , we introduce an adaptive interl...

Key Points • Palpation of functional cranial tibial thrust instability during weight-bearing is used to assess knee stability preand post-operatively. • Variation in radiographic landmarks to determine stifle flexion angle (SFA) leads to variable TTA cage size recommendations. Use of the Long Axes Method leads to larger advancement recommendations than Kinematic or Eminence Methods. • Variation...

Considering the benefits of preparation for writing in the pre-writing phase, this study attempted to examine the effects of different pre-task strategic planning activities (i.e., pre-task form-focus planning, content-focus planning, and no planning) on writing accuracy and motivation. To achieve the objectives of this study, sixty intermediate EFL learners were selected from an English langua...