During the past decades, the number of altruistic living unrelated kidney donations has substantially increased in developed countries. However, the altruistic supply of transplantable kidneys has remained much less than the demand. As a result, severe kidney shortage has been associated with increasing number of patient deaths and increasing number of commercial transplants and transplant tour...

The supply of blood and plasma to produce haemotherapies varies around the world, but all environments need donors to furnish the raw material. Many countries still lack adequate supply, and the question of what amounts of blood and plasma are required for optimal treatment is still unresolved. The issue of compensating donors has been a controversial and emotive one in blood transfusion for ma...

Abstract Individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes are at risk of developing multiple tumours and, therefore, undergo life-long surveillance procedures and risk-reducing and/or therapeutic surgeries. Knowledge testing for susceptibility genes is rapidly spreading, often performed the first diagnosis. Different physical, psychosocial, ethical economic considerations need to be taken into acco...