Vertical phoria (vertical vergence in the absence of binocular feedback) can be trained to vary with non-visual cues such as vertical conjugate eye position, horizontal conjugate eye position and horizontal vergence. These prior studies demonstrated a low-level association or coupling between vertical vergence and several oculomotor cues. As a test of the potential independence of multiple eye-...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of nonstrabismic accommodative and vergence dysfunctions among primary schoolchildren in Hampyeong, a rural area of South Korea. METHODS Five hundred and eighty-nine primary schoolchildren, 8-13 years old, were each given a thorough eye examination, including binocular-vision testing, near point of convergence, horizontal phoria measurement by von G...

In a 1987 study of children with reading difficulties, Stein, Riddell, and Fowler observed a relationship between poor vergence control, as indicated on a synoptophore vergence test, and the children's problems with learning to read. They suggested that poor vergence control led to impaired accuracy of spatial localisation and that this impeded learning to read. Here we have compared the accura...

Blinks are known to change the kinematic properties of horizontal saccades, probably by influencing the saccadic premotor circuit. The neuronal basis of this effect could be explained by changes in the activity of omnipause neurons in the nucleus raphe interpositus or in the saccade-related burst neurons of the superior colliculus. Omnipause neurons cease discharge during both saccades and verg...

We prove the following Main Theorem: ZF + AD + V L(R) =>DC. As a corollary we have that Con(ZF + AD) Con(ZF + AD + DC). Combined with the result of Woodin that Con(ZF + AD) Con(ZF + AD + AC') it follows that DC (as well as AC') is independent relative to ZF + AD. It is finally shown (jointly with H. Woodin) that ZF + AD + DCR, where DCR is DC restricted to reals, implies the consistency of ZF +...

In the field of developmental robotics, a lot of attention has been devoted to algorithms that allow agents to build up skills through sensorimotor interaction. Such interaction is largely affected by the agent’s morphology, that is, its shape, limb articulation, as well as the position and density of sensors on its body surface. Despite its importance, the impact of morphology on behavior has ...

PURPOSE Eye movement research has traditionally studied solely saccade and/or vergence eye movements by isolating these systems within a laboratory setting. While the neural correlates of saccadic eye movements are established, few studies have quantified the functional activity of vergence eye movements using fMRI. This study mapped the neural substrates of vergence eye movements and compared ...

Necessary and su cient conditions for geometric con vergence in the relative supremum norm of the Metropolis Hastings simulation algorithm with a general generating function are estab lished An explicit expression for the convergence rate is given Introduction This paper discusses the convergence rate for the Metropolis Hastings simulation algorithm proposed in Hastings The Metropolis Hastings ...

BACKGROUND Adaptation models of the horizontal disparity vergence system assume a nonadaptable transient component. They also predict identical postadaptation dynamics during convergence and divergence movements. METHOD To test the adaptation property of the transient component, a set of experiments were performed in which closed-loop vergence dynamics measured before and after sustained conv...

A simple visual test was used to measure how much Listing's plane rotates as a function of the vergence angle. This test measured the elevation-dependent torsional disparity of horizontal and vertical lines during three tasks: vergence on a near target, vergence through prisms that remained fixed, and through prisms that rotated with eye elevation. Consistent with our previous search-coil measu...